P; : - I,qt:tit
Puß4*****, Ptliii±rtwirrive)
sir JO w. iriatir.
oprtcß,;4ii,oovrittr,Pxourr
" 11 4 Pilia***9o/;',4". tf , =die 'ealfeno.
m i n e d s ol ov ,a ison f, Inixtutit
not Anttmi.ll:inesoalltptltowne ; ntlisa
1 ""4 8 Ifam-Aqtarr!,i I,ol.llEnles forth*.
tine ' ' •
L - Y .FRZflt,.
10,141142 , 204,01* of tlyt9 JAI itet 'Picot" Da-
Liu `nii . ; 44.14Mee. -• t • •
:r+
4itseiat td Odbe.nnieit
ni4lseei#ntm,flo*ofintnVittt:t 22 DU
trivelki in;.'«' - ;' ' aOO
Ton Ooptoo ,
• m .
430
Twenty " -"q19ono oteroos).-."20"90
TworkteOptoe, Onnirt f c 09WriYereack -I le
Foclifg.xbl/ww•VrTmle in ovary we wUktosiid en
extra GO& To. getter-1v of MO Wu : - -
11/"Polifonnolti r ive reverted to act ha Agana for,
*to-
IVARBURTONIP INIitiTABLE,
- - ,-- , 00naluNatt KG' TAE BEAD,
. 3tanbraca all 11.0 Wins naneualy to
- : ~ - • -OENTERA XIMEOT, - , ,
and ill ihe Walla ssp4,oloor el eg anot widen impart
371141;•00111M1T,_AIID DIIIiiIIILIT.r.
Gentlemen are Invltad tticall - and enlarge. •*-"
01325,6 in ' .-,,,:.,, - -,-- •-, tiso.o)lSsalnlr Strad:
._. - _ ,
*Rao *he.
GlCkit. " o444 l / 4 a. •
• ANDc . ;rqsTlftivAE , YEAR
LLOITAP wiNrsu OroAtta.
V,14 Dl7 OiT.l
•0 N
-•- -• 7.21 RATOTS;;. • •
TO' CLOS TODOOTOW-kR ANADO'Nz - r.'
;_••" P OO4
- SaixiessiThritailiiorDzOpitr4Drct, "
dt2T-tjaT t • t" ODDOVOITikrot.
Witel~es; e~cetarp,' fir:
IDRAILET' & CO.; CHESTNUT STREET,
A•JP - stanamtnrear or
Bierma szumitt4llo/111 ,
Under their 'inspetAilia, on-the remiste`enniesDr47
Cilisoiniiaisitsitn•Aed-to , lrisit•olie Mann
- WATCHES. •-•
Constantly 'epienda stook of liniaffes
- Wistelies;nl Otis elletwated tinkers.
•
• ‘- "•• .DiA/015.D./3.
Wa% B raley; BroOokie, 14,01,45ge, ;PAM ,
8A 1 411) all .othOr 19 Diamond 4 4 t. •
Drawings of DEW DESIGNS wilt be made free, ot
ohittrifOr those *4WD Work made to onier.
_HIGH GOLD' JEWELRY.
A benatiforsiwitinetie of all the new rtgles Of-Fine
Jew‘i* ius,4jul *om4ot * O O *a Pell (huoxii .
Peal' Coral, Claimable, biahnisiCe; • "
• - /fen t lco:ote: - •
, UptirDM Ourraa,;Missztii,_ 3vArmu3, &e.
Ako;DrinisianA fa ble 44.0D69, - s)i sewed *lee,
and of superior volity. , , aniirdtweorly
- . . . C 0. ,...
i E-4, 0 "Al 2 DM BLL ' 4‘ .
V • ','- • ''.. - 432,01/ESTNITT Street,
gate iv:4170;44w tkantont• new P q lB6 '
, -.101111/17 3 Otuttelaiee, Veitcttlne.
hpleitdhl Wm:oo44nm'
, rzult plostte 'Er Baskets:
;et tioodial i pifir:Visei.'
- - 1M141,10001 oiWci Bola: ' -
8016-"Agetitartn 4PhUsdel AutiGn. the tale or Charlea
Frodilisaval,ON,FocVinG4CSEPTS6B, -- -,-, 440
, .
- - -
Nittalarwiulitni go, -
MANtt,F4CTIIIIfiIiS `OF SILV TrARE,;,
• OffrATIVIIHED ~1812 4
OClttnpiltili? * AiD - 1,11001V81111111.8.
A 14.4"..sisortateut' pt 1111. 1 7.111 A9All3,'eflorery de
scrigionj corottyitly oalgued, or ras# , to WO tg notch
any , patteurdedirea., , •• • •
Impo,lte,rB pf,,ftsfiloka and, 41n 1 .141uust
ware. : . PP:ollft,
JANDEPrk'BRO "
•
ok.r. • " Am:olmin* *so =room* Of,
SILVER-PLATED, WARE;
No. SO4 Ohoottart Arrest; it - bota TIM, Lip ' , Aloha,'
•. vookoosotl4 lOinitonel for at io Trade
Tati ,sisto lIIVNION SERVICE SMI,
Imarat SMITE; CLIPS, WAITERS, BAR.'
inklaTagg, UTIVXS,, SPOONS; !MO, -
' • IMAM it, ,
441p , ir Uit At* ietassal. se2.ly
Atimtt.
- tx . ..- - NEWI°B'c , A121,10E11 •
, -„ B „ - • • -:i gnd,,,BOBTON '
x'olietruEs,-
Bought mutsohchy
wiat i y . :0) . 4
87 South UMW Street.
ig7.dtlfeb2
sctg.,L ) roApLos, - . co.,
• Third
The hisitesiproottioxiipatd. for • ' ••• .
A24E111.0.07 GOLD
TOM; 34011ANCti.
thaerarrOyOunt4 bought , , ' '
atOckt bauglit and sold on oOmmisili;n only:soi4m*
A litanipAN GOLD,!-
..: [NSW' YOBI 11 3 XOUANOR
AT 131011 - 338 T w a rl itl;NT ITATES,
CHOSSOCCOO ,
• 81 1 lipfe At) z
:130WITIL •z!n/i)-As.—
eximeo:C4 ol l4 l gYiFe•
WELLS; VARGO; & no.,
• taw VAN AND OALIPORNIA EXPRESS CO
' • - znitExonamos Dia!Aim;
JOIST STACIE -COMPANY_
•, • • AZ LTA I. $1300,000.
OPPiCE, 400 CHESTNUT STREET,
PatLariiLiquA. ,
Eipreindent to= Okayama, Oasomr, , and WM
PION leisstni cn,the Oth and 20th, and to HAVANA on.
7th, YR% and 27th of each month, from:NEW YORK.
EKCIIEUNOR for sale in sums to suit, and cor.,Lac
-71015 !LAME on California, Oregon, Sandwich Islands
and Harms.. ,
W. P. &
„Co. teeeive fieight eoeteigned to them et
- SAN irnationco;
Per ClliperWO' and Collect Invoices 'on delivery of
The same.
NOTLZ TTOALIFOILNIL BONDEIOLDESS
W dr, Osseo now prepared' to reedy's. the OLD
soinis" of -the Mete of CALIFORNIA, transport the
setae to Seirameep City, and' procure new ones, in ac-'
condatuie with the act of 28th April, 1857, and return
sake to this city.
4521-lm' ' • • D.' N. - DMINEY, Ja., Agent.
1171A.D./OLE-EXPRESS CO., OFFICE,
, 01KESTIMI. ;STREET, finitude PARCELS,
PACKAGES, ifEßonaimm; RANK NOTES snit
SPEOLE,;Cithet - Lk no own LINES, Cr in connection
with Other NIPILEBirCOMPANLEB,to AU ilia principal
TOWNS aild VI TM of theirnited Otates.
-B. 0. SANDI/080, -
Gernailikapqrintendent.
111Woolntions Coprictitersbip.
NOTICE.—The, pirtnerehip heretofore er
4. Sating Wife= the subscribers - , trading under the
'firm of HiIIOGES & RTEV.IIIOONi hillataday dissolved,
by mutual consent. The .business will be settled by
Illtbialf STEVENSON, who alone 'ls authorized to nee
th'e name of the firm in liquidation.
A. M. BRIGGS,
lIENSICHTKVENSON.
Pnmaniti Biagi Jaia.l 1858 - .
•
OAND.—The nnder►lgned will continuo the Tailoring
business; heretofore, at the old stand 107 North
FOURTH Street. shore Aroh, where. ho hopes by mtridt
attention to businetui to merit a tontinnance of the
patronage so liberally extended to the late firm.
. MITT STEVENSON.
Pllll4issinnA lan 1 180. ...)acturtat*:
DISSOLUTIOL-Thb *topittnersbip ex
istbu between THOMAS EIADDOCK, 4r,, and
- LEVERITT 8. RAYMOND, under the arm of MAD
DOOIi RAYMOND, & CO., is this day dissolved by
mutual consent. ~ ,Sither party is authorized to sign in
liquidation. MADDOCK, RAYMOND, & CO.
00tca
_Remove& to '26 liortkiiptyll.
January / nos. .
_,jel-frowl3l
oTre,E- IS TORgBy GIVEN THAT
i.
- ,Tre i giro7l;
and oontlnned Am three years !tom January Ist, 1858.
fRANDEMIDGE,
•; /LENP 4 L ". . a l i tagir, r.
•
Special Partner.
1r14;41'41.144, January 1;1858.
~ j al.l4wBw '
Af 0 TIC IA dvi this dal &ea j•
FRANK BROWN pin interest In our business.
GOMM, ANDERSON, & CO.,
P . nitanstearA, January let, 1868. ja.4.2w*
T" -
00-PARINERSITIP OF -JAMES
, HARPER- and 'EDWIN BENDER, under the dim
of JAMES HARPER de; CO., in the Lumber busines,
and as _EDWIN BENDER, Carpenter and Bullderi it
thin day .. dimmed - by zaValalsonsent.
SAMS HARPER,"
EDWIN BENDER.
, , •
P1111.1b1LITITA; dan. let, 1858. ja2l-2a,*
TIME FIRM OF DIOVORTILIORANSONs
& CO., is.thie cloy, dissolved by limitation. The
business will be settled by either of the partners at the
stork, No. 211. Market elseet.:
WILLIAM DILWORTH,
SAMUEL BRANEION,
"'‘• : . •- - HENRY D. - UNDID,
• 7AMIIB W, TANGS.
Ii . FILIDISLPIS - 111., Deo SI, - 10.24.wW
TCOPARTNERSIIIP HEItETOPOUE
ealstlaiiiNter the firm ot sittan, LAMB &
Is tide dal dlssetred by the death of 0. B. LAMB. '
The basineiSi dike late MO Will be settled by:the
Woryirlogpertneri, v itt} leave associated with them ,
JOHN WIEST, SPONSLER, and D. B. ERVIN,
under the Arai of It 0 aL, & 00., and will
continue the Dry 06cde Jobbing sad importing bantered
itelteretotore, at NO. 41 Ndrth TRIRD street.
, •
- ' Pk tER BIRGEN,
lACANFRIEGRL,
WV R. BAIRD,
- - 70IIN
-- " W. D. SPONSLER,
D. B. Ith,yur
,Didair&er
101A'V,E it'lllß DA.YASSOCIATEi) WITH
ALt-me EDVIABIi RAINS, .7011 N B; MELLOrI, and
GEORGE 9
,IPX.AII9 as ioneral partnere, end vitt con.
Ulnae the itop,ortlng Roniery and ,Small - wares under
I. the style or , TROATAS MELLOR th CIY., - at'Ne. BN.
t-f , TRIED Street. _ Mg41,(1.1i, 2
'f; • PgipAoswz,r, ZArltarylet, 1858: • jawyro
E•
DWAR . VALI/ADD will have- ehirge of.
: • our butioesitd tidedityfrout this date, at No. BA
ClllMP4'lll7ll eo l t N u T r
ep of Sewing Machines,
Lirilinary 1;1868, -
„,
cadtLE6 -43/41DirEilL—Whotesale
taw itlaP!la, I !9.r!fliurataatafer, No. 4
„ •:\ •; ; •
•
,
\'o I,” _ • . •
•‘ s i 11 . tif i ' %•-'% 7-, • • itilz
(7
..„ (ilk,
. i ---; ;; -egi ; _k • , t= 4 /
'
I 10% rer
(-1 •
VOLI,-NO, 137.
gitrigs.
MONDAY, JANUARY 11, 1858.
THOMAS JEFFERSON.
,The'great Virginian, who drew up that im
mortal document, our Declaration of Inde
pendence, was far too remarkable a man to be
left Without a good biographer. Hitherto, ho
we'tyill not - say neglected, but ina
dequately done justice to. (clime at last
sets all things even," says the poet, time has
brought amends to him. On our table is the
first volume (to be followed by two others next
'month_) of 6 ‘,The Life of Thomas defferson,”
ably, impartially, and laboriously written by
the Hon. HENRY S. RANDALL, LL. D. of New
York State. When we use the word laborious
ly we •do not mean heavily, for the book is
eittramely spirited, but to denote the immense
pains which have been devoted to it.
Mr: RANDALL has been surrounded (we
woidd 'say embarrassed, if he bad not made
"such judicious use of them) by the abundance
of materiale. He has numerous living de
sCendants, who have lively, traditions, their
parents' recollections of him. Ho left behind
hini, a vast-amount of memoranda and menu
*Apts. ale,aleo - left his diary, kept 'with ex
traorilltutryminnteness for many years, with
as much accuracy and care as a' mercan
tile day”book. There also is an Im
mense , MISS of - JarrEnsolf's family -cor
respondence-pot one of. which letters has'
ever before -been published. There ere his
: daughter's Recollections of him, ably and
impartially written. There are reminiscences
of JEFFERSON by his many contemporaries
end friends. There is the journal, kept by the
physidien wIM' attended him, of his last illness
and death. .And, besides these original ma
laria's, Wholly unused up to the time they/mal
-1 mutated in Mr. - Raxont's - possession, there is
a large and accessible quantity of public infor
mation, scattered through many. memoirs and
histories-rfor the life of JErrensox; as a pub
lie man, is written in the annals of that coun
try which he-helped to raise from the subject
condition of a colonial possession to the ludo
peadenCe of a -Nation.
• blegraphy; be it borne
- in mind, of a
inhAV Who died at the age of eighty-three—
treeing him frOM childhood lo honorable old
bge.f-whata long and high career is to be re
eoried. ,'Born in 1743, a true Virginiatt,
Jarysifsou died in 1820—exactly half a cen.
tury after the date ifC the Declaration -of In
dependence. :'`ln 1769 he was elected a mem
ber of the- Provincial Legislature of his own
State. In 1775 ho' entered Congress, and
cirew,up, the fitmetts Declaration. -In 1779 he
was 'Chosen Governor of 'Virginia, succeeding
PAritMrHmtfar„ In 1785, on the return of Dr.
Bnairtmx; he was - named his successor at
Paris, frentwhich ho -proceeded to London,
as envoy, in 17,80. Ho aCcepted the office - of
Secretary of ',State Crider. WASHINGTON, in
1789--rat this epoch Mr. RANDALL'S first
volume closes. 'He resigned in 1793; lived
'the next four years in retirement ; was then
elected Vice President,- was called to the
Presidential chair in 1801; finally quitted pub
lic life, after he -had been President for two
fermi, and thentnally, retired in 1809, passing
his closing sevoideetf years in honorable and
happy retironient:,, This is a Tepid sketch of
his' career. 'We may enlarge on it when Mr.
Bahriargs work is-completed.
There 18 - an'interesting and explicit account
iti - thieVoluina Of - Mr. arm:soles drafting
the Declaration. We are told :
The 'oommittee to prepare a Declaration of Lida.
Pendenee "unanimously pressed" Mr. Jefferson
"to undertake the draft." Ile did as, but before
submitting ihis"pitner to the - full •cominittee, com
municated it separately to Dr. Franklin and Mr.
Adams, requesting their corrections. " which were
two or three only, and merely, verbal." The re
port was .then before the entire committee,
which made no amendments; and on the 28th of
Tune. 11718,1 it was preiented in , Congress by its
nether: Alt wasimmediatelycad, and ordered to
,":Ort Congre , threoution4o
declare the Colonies independent was carried
by the vote of nine Colonies. On the same
day, the draft of the Declaration - of Indepen
pence was taken from the table in Committee
of the Whole
The question on its adoption was debated through
out , that , and the two suceeeding days. Several
amendments wore carried in committee. - Of the
amuses. whioh led to the two most important ones,
Mt. Jefferson gives the following account in his
hiembir
The pusillanimous ides That we had friends in Eng-
land worth keeping terms with, still haunted the minds
of many. For this reason those passages which con
'veyed censures on the people of England were struck
out, lest they should give them offence. The chum),
tooi:rep•obating the enslaving tho inhabitants of Africa
was struck out in complaisance to South Carolina and
Georgia, who had never attempted to restrain the im
portation of Ames, and who, on the contrary, !dill
wished to continue it, Our Northern brethren also, I
believe, felt a little tender under those censures ; for
though their 'people had very few glares themeelo ea,
yet they had been pretty considerable carriers of them
tdotiters.o
WOn tho evening o; the 4th of July, the Declara
tion, as amended is committee. was reported to
the House and agreed to; and thus was consum
mated that legislation, which, sustained by subse
quent years of struggle and suffering, of which
history affords a few .parallels, struck from the
British realm a territory far exceeding its whole
extent under its Plantagenete and Tudors—and to
contain, even before the generation then living
should pass entirely away, a population far out
numbering that which owned the sway of Henry
V or Elisabeth.
How little various persons whose names are at
tached to the. Declaration had to do with proper
ins it, or paving the way for it, at least in Con
gress, is a matter of notoriety and need not he
hero recounted. Several delegates arrived only in
'time to vote for it, and others were allowed to at
tach their names who were not present at that
vote.
Mr. Ilatinettr, gives not only a printed copy
of the original draft of this great document,
with the parts which were stricken out enclosed
in brackets and italics, and the amendments
placed on the margin, but gives a lithographed
fee-simile; occupying four pages foolscap, in
Jivrintsoii's own writing, with the erasures and
interlineations. This document was written,
all the world knows, in this good city of Phila
delphia, but what follows may be neiv to
taaby:
In answer to Inquiries from Dr. James Moose, Mr.
Jefferson (September 26, 1825) telle where ho
wroto Jim Declaration of Independence. Ile
says:
• "At the time of writing that Instrument I lodged
in the lemma a Mr Omar, a new brick house, three
stories high, of which I rented the second floor, con
sisting of a parlor and bed-room, ready furnished. In
that parlor I wrote habitually, awl lo It wrote this
paper, particularly. So far I atoto from written proofs
in My possession. - The proprietor, Graaf, was a young
man, son of a German, and then newly married. I
think he was* bricklayer, stud that hie bonne was on
the south. side of Market street, probably between
-fiay.nthand Eighth Greets, and If not the only house
isthl, part of the ' street, l em cure there were few
alums near it. I have some idea that it was a corner
house; but no other recollections throwing light on the
question 6r Worth OommUntratien."
The account boOk, before us, shown that on
reaching Philadelphia, he remained eight days at
his old lodgings, with " Ben. Randolph," and that
'on the 23d of May he " took lodging at Grad's."
Entries of the payment of the weekly rent of his
rooms (thirty-five shillings sterling) continued
throughout the cession. lie appears minty° taken
most of his meals at " Smith's —the keeper, we
simpoie, of tire My Tavern.
Ike little writing desk on which ho wrote the
Deolaration: of Independence is yet in existence.
A, grand' aughter who, on her marriage, loft:Ilion
' Well° for her future residence in Boston. intrusted
most of her belongings to a packet sailing from
Richmond,'Which was lost at sea The most se
verely felt loss among her effects wan a writing
desk containing her grandfather's letters to her,
:and, soma ether personal memorials of him. And
there' was another utterly bereaved party—John
Venotninge, Mr.' Jefferson's faithful old black,
head carpenter, - joiner, etc., of whom wo
shall , (me more' as oar narration progresses.
John had fondly lavished all his skill on the
lest treasure, 'for the favorite young "Missile."
Innumerable were the different kinds of vette era
on it, 'and 'miens and (John thought) recherche
their arrangement. "lie could not make another
like it for Miss Ellen." " Ile had . no more such
°Woe aticks laid away." "Besides, ho was get
ting old, and couldn't see well enough," eta., etc.
In a IT okde lie was ineonsolable. Whether Mr.
Jeffers-had any eye on him in Sending a suhsti
tuts, which the faithful old fellow had learned to
look upon with a sort of mystical veneration,
we cannot say; but he probably thought that
a. little reading and writing desk in his pos
seesion—some fourteen inches long, by about ten
.In breadth and three in depth—would - tamest
make good to the other parties the place of John's
Beautiful handiwork ; and accordingly, he s en t it
(to dividd the compliment) to hie grand-daughter's
husband; with, the following inscription attached
to the under side of the leaf which is turned down,
In writing
' .1 4 Thomas iettarson gives this writing desk to Joseph
Coolidge, Jr., sea memorial of affection. It RAH mode
tromp, drawing of his own, by Bon. Randolph, cabilact
makft at Philadelphia, with whom he first lodged on
his Snivel in that pity, in May, Me, sad Is the tdentl
ted one eit'whleti /m- wrote the Deolaration of Ude
pendenes,,Politiee, es well as religion, has Its super
- 1t1#99#•,-,Octse gaining strength" with time i pay one
day give imaginary value to this relic, for its associa
tions with the birth of the Great Charter of our inde
pendence.
" Monticello, N0v.18,1825. ,,
Numerous anecdotes and acute sketches of
character add to the interest of this biography.
Here is a pen-and-ink sketch of FRANKLIN,
which conveys a very good notion of the
man
" We have hitherto passed over ono transcendent
name, because, if Franklin was heard on the floor,
as he doubtless was in his short pithy way, his in
fluence on the decision of the pending questions
was exerted priselpally in other quarters. That
influence was truly great. If ho lacked tho elo
quence and vabmenee of John Adams, h 6 greatly
excelled him in other particulars. Ile was a mom
experienced, and undoubtedly a wiser man.
Ile had a nice appreciation of the quali
ties of associates, and consummate tact in
addressing himself to them. From the suavity
of his temper and manners, from his respootful
way of treating adversaries, from hie entire want
.of that egotism which disgusts, and that dogma.
tism which offends all, and partioularly equals in
position—be was personally popular in trad out of
Congress. In the step which he, in, his own quiet
and peculiar manner, was urging onward, he was
apparently incurring
. greator risks, and certainly
making greater sacrifices, than a comparatively
young' man, who, as yet, had attained to nothing
like his general position. Franklin's ability
as a statesman had been tested and estab
lished, in the most difficult positions lie was
better acquainted with Europe, and especially
with England, than any of his colleagues. In sci
ence and philosophy, he enjoyed a reputation
not before attained by any American. Ile pos.
mend exquisite address as a writer. ills " Poor
Richard's Almanac" had made his shrewd sense
familiar to every class of his countrymen. Ilia
style was adapted to all 'tastes and comproben-
lions. The seholar admired its compact and nor-,
vons simplicity; the uneducated fancied the
limpid diction was like that which they them
selves employed in familiar intercourse. It united
some of the characteristics of Runyan and Pelee,
with some of those of Swift and Addison. Tbe:re
was an obvious common sense in its propolitioos—
its illustrations were so inimitably apt- and tell
ing—its poignant but easily understood sense sure
ly exposed every weak point of an adversary. so
surely carried the derisive laugh of the multitude
along with it—that it may well bo doubted wheth
er a more effective popular writer, on a ohms of sub
jects (simple appeals to the 'understanding, in re
gard to the purely practical affairs of life), has writ'
ten in the English tougum If he lacked the deep ear
nestnem and fiery enthusiasm of some natures—if he
was proverbially cautious-4f he was more disposed
b surrender something than ask too much, and sot a
yielding than a stubborn part until deeply roused
if ao one would suspect the cool, placid edge of
lovingtlintor for danger's sake—perhaps these ne
gative qualities gave only the more weight to his
opinions, when his reputation, his honors, and his
life were staked on their accuracy. And all who
knew that Franklin had east off and seVered every
tie with an only and distinguished son, because he
sided with the mother country, knew how impla
cable were his resolves when his line of action was
determined on."
The volume from which we quote is pub
lished by DERBY & JAcKsort, of New York, in
what is called library or octavo form. It is
illustrated-Pith the portrait of JEFFERSON by
STUART, a view of Monticello, and fac.similes
of a page of his pocket account book, a cu.
rious table of the vegetable market of Wash
ington, during eight years, (also in JEFFER
son's writing,) the original draft of the Decla
ration, a page of the accounts kept while
JEFFERSON'S arm was broken, and a letter to
his daughter PATSY, afterwards Mrs. RAN
DOLPH.'
There can be only one opinion as to the
ability, general impartiality and industry which
Mr. RANDALL has brought into combination in
the composition of this biography. He shows
us JEFFERSON himself, and particularly fills up
the blank, heretofore existing, as to JEFFER
SON'S character and course of life in Virginia,
before be entered into the troubled ocean of
national politics. We can well believe that
Mr. RANDALL has spent Live years in collect
ing, collating, and digesting his ample mate
rials. Ho has worthily executed a much
wanted book.
FROM HARRISBURG.
The forthcoming Report et the State Superb'.
tendon% of Common Schools.
Correspondence at The Press.]
llaanteauna, Jan, ft, 1858
The annual report of Hon. 11. C. Iliekeek, State
Superintendent of Common &hoots, will be pre
sented to the Legislature in about ton days. The
statistics, I understand, present highly favorable
and satisfactory results, and the general report
will show the system to be.in a A:gantlet and
prosperous condition. The framework of the sys
tem, after twenty-five yfinrs
waiting, is new complete, and continued energy
and prudence will doubtless enable it to realize the
highest ultimate hopes of its Mande. The county
superintendency has been entirely successful in
some counties, but not in others ; the difference In
the results being generally owing to the difference
in the qualifications, fidelity, and prudence of the
men elected to theoffice. No further legislation
will be asked for except the usual school appropri
ation.
It appears there are upwards of thirteen thou
sand schools, and nearly six hundred thousand
children in attendance in the Commonwealth,
being an average of forty-eight to owls school.
The first year after the law creating county on
periutendencies had gone into operation, the
volume composing the annual reports of the gen-
Con= who had a superintending care over those
who had in charge " the young ideas" of the Com
monwealth was quite a "curiosity of literature"
in the way of bad grammar, sentences like
unto the Egyptian Labyrinth, and a total mis
conception of what should constitute the subject
matter of their reports. Mr. Effekoek issued a
circular of instructions to them, and we conse
quently find less of the didactic essay and of meta•
physical discussion than characterized their Initial
efforts. There is, in foot, a marked improvement
visible. As an evidence of the growing esteem
in which county superintendents are held, it may
bo mentioned that there is an average increase of
ten percent. in their salaries—voted by the boards
of directors in the several counties.
There is no subject connected with our public
affairs in which we all ought to feel a livelier in
terest than this subject of popular education. The
system lies, until recently, been so imperfectly
carried out, that expectation as to the result has,
perhaps, boon somewhat disappointed ; but now,
that it is fairly established and vigorously con
ducted, we may confidently predict that the
next generation will be strongly marked with its
salutary influence. Who, indeed, can look into
one of our common schools without surprige and
delight et the facilities enjoyed by the rising gene
ration ! The text-books in use, and the methods
of instruction, are snob as to make the present
road to knowledge a royal road indeed, coin
pared with the old crooked and thorny paths.
Some persons. I am aware, make this an
objection. The road is made too smooth and
easy, they tell us, for the development of the
intellectual muscles ; end that the old sys
tem, therefore, if it taught less rapidly, was
more thorough and invigorating. In this view,
so often taken, there is, I conceive, a single
grain of truth with a bushel of error. To dis
cipline the mind it is no doubt necessary to work
It, and, with proper care, to work it to the full
extent of its powers. Rut is it therefore necessary
to work it in trimming away preliminary hedges
which might bo Cleared at a bound? Are there not
difficultiee enough in science and literature to test
the powers of the strongest mind—oven of a
Locke or a Newton? Why, then, should a bard
way of learning to road, or of learning the ale
mentsof grammar, arithmetic, or geography, be
preferred, when there is an easier one? Let
everything he learned in the easiest and shortest
mode possible. Tho more that is thus learned the
better, and the sooner will the student come to
grapple with those real and higher] difficulties
which will be quite sufficient to call out and dint
pline the powers of men until they have attained
the sum of human perfection. In short, the
complaint against facilities for learning, because
they make it too easy, is about as absurd an
would be that against railroad ears as a means of
transportation. The tonnage and the rate of speed
of the old Conestoga wagon if applied to the rail
road oar would, no doubt, leave its powers in a
great measure aflame ised. But, in fact, we every
day see the oar loaded to its utmost capacity, and
whirled at a rate forty times faster. Its powers
are strained to the utmost, still, and its execution
is a hundred fold greater.
Most of the Senators and Representatives are
out of town on a visit to their constituency, until
Monday, and those loft behind appear to tread " a
banquet hall deserted," The committees will be
announced on Monday, when business will com
mence in earnest.
I was in error when I stated, in a former letter,
that Mr. Welsh, the Speaker of the Senate, was
the youngest member of that body. Mr. Welsh is
the youngest Senator over elected to the chair, but
there aro two or three members of the Senate who
are younger than Mr. Welsh ; but thojuvonilo honor
belongs to Mr. Item:all, of your city.
Mr. John Buckley, of Bordontown, N. J.,
publishes in the RrEister a challenge to trot his
horse, George M. Patchen, against any horse in
the State for $5,000 aside. Here is a chance for
speculation.
Jedediah Jack, Esq., an eminent lawyer,
Rag shot dead on the 27th ult., at Metropolis. 111.,
by a man named Stolen Jaok was from Pennsyl-
vania.
PIIILADELPHIA, MONDAY, JANUARY 11, 1858.
LETTER FROM GOVERNOR luouty A
RICHMOND, Va., Dec. 30, 1807
GENThaaaN : I have the honor to acknowledge
the invitation of the Sooloty of Tammany to at
tend their celebration of the forty-third anniver
sary of the Battle of Now Orloans, on the evening
of tho Bth day of January next. I regrot that I
cannot be with you in person, but I tender to you
my warmest sympathy in the eon titnents and objects
of your celebration. I trust that your venerable or
der will always uphold the Federal Constitution,
with which you proudly claim to bo coteinpoia
neous ; that vou will strive to rovivo and perpetu
ate the spirit of tho revolutionary fathers, who
you boast wore your founders; and that you will
now, more than elm, cherish national as opposed
to sectional feeling—a strict construction of the
Constitution, as opposed to all compromises of Its
provisions—true Domooraoy in Its republican forte,
as opposed to the licentiousness of mobs or more
mojoritim enacting their own "higher law"—
and the liberties of the pooplo against all power,
delegated or undolegated, upon earth. To
these ands you may well comnsomorate the vic
tory of New Orleans. Its hero was " guidadAy
law and bound by-duty," when ho took the reopen-'
shinty to save noity then, and afterwards tostiva rt
country from a foe more formidable than foreign
bayonets, Ho gave us the motto: "The Union
must and shall be preserved ;" and I hope that
his great authority still romaine potent to atanit it
unon every heart, and upon every banner in tbe
whole country. ,To preserve it we must steadily
Adhere to tho Democratio faith and platform ; •we
must stand by you in standing by James "ARP
°lnman as the people stood by Andrew Taoks;on.
Ho had to contend with the money powor,4ad
subduod it by the Samson of Democracy. eW, e
now have to meet the bleak demon of the " hipber
law," and the same Summon survives in vigor' to
tight for the chosen pooplo. God forbid I hafthe
Samson of Democracy shall at last ba a Samson
AgOnlatcs, shorn and blinded, to become a des
strayer. Almost every other poople and or r oiy
other party, except the Anierican Democracy, htile
had their ~ bridges of asset;" but I do pray Brat
I we may not be such asses oursolvos as, tt
'oinks a bridge of slavery, or of 'tiny other elnli
joot, for us to stall at in a. earner and prOsiw,..4
of national, greatness. And yet, gentle n
are a groat many Firms-asses 11 our coun
try. and they are not half no stubbein asses as the
can't-asses. A driver can get along after a Dion
ner with an nes that can. but the oruolest goad ?dB
not prevail with the asses who can't. They tire`.2l4l'
etubborneet of all, rend are sure to stall just In rl , ,
way and at the very place of most danger. TheY
bray ft political religion and religious politics.
The best whip which ever touched those 11.8.909 . ix
flatly in the raw was James Buelianan's ConesietgA
thong, laid right on upon forty fanatical prow:Sera
" all in a row." As to your other motto, " Ctvil
and religious liberty," ours was saved by the 'Vir
ginia Democracy in 1855. We struck the dark
lantern out of the bands of ineffable Sam, and
none now are found eo poor he to " hurrah'Lfor
him. We, therefore, have someNtight to sly to
you on other topics that nil common Benno and.jas-
Lice require it that we lot each other's property
and pawn and political privileges alone, igal
attend to the conservation of our own inteicets
respeotively at home. When wo happen ,to
meet in the common Territories, to make weir
homes and neighborhoods there, all we halve
to do is to respect each other's equal rights.
If we are Southern sinveholders, don't let oar
property be invaded or taken away from us ; d'ra't
allow any power to prevent us from settling u
common lands, or don't drive us away fromme
settlements we have made upon a domain r..
eliti‘ed or won by common treasure and united
valor. On the other hand, if you prefer that
slavery shall not be incorporated in the now body
politic of which you aro to become members; we
promise you that it shall not be imposed upon yen,
with our consent, either by force or by fretfcis
We propose to go together to the polls as equals,
justly respecting each other's rights, and there de
termine, by legal voter, what shall bo the law of
the case. If property be established in ono firm
or another, it shall bo respected ; and,' If fortild
den In any other particular form, it shall nab-r,
that form exist in that'eommunity. Now, heothis
just, fair and equal college been observed? Force
and fraud both, on both aides, have been attet.tpt
ed, and have to a shameful extent prevailed. And
it is the great vocation of Democracy to put down
both fraud aid force in this and in all other
cases. plow? The easo divides itself into twooate
gories—tbe one de Pasta the Territory as beta oen
the Convention and the people ; and the other da
facto in the country at large, as between Congress
and the Tertitory. In the first, in Kansas there
woo an "enabling statute." If the Kansas-Ne
braska act did enable the people to hold a Con
vention, or to make laws for their own self-govern
ment; it had no virtue in it at all. The Kniiiies-
Nebraska bill organized a Territory, and the pee
-110 thereof were enabled thereby to govern damns
selves. By their own !awe they orgenisedst , :let , "
'motion to frame a Constitution of State govern.
went. That Convention was, therefore, depth,
legitimate. It formed a Constitution, and had a
right to form it. That was its function, and there
its power ended, except to submit it, as a propmed
organio law, to the fair and free election of thaw ..
vereign people, to bo adopted or to be rejected' by
them. They, in their organised being of legal
voters, are alone sovereign. The entire Constitu
tion ought to have been submitted to their
voices at the polls. The power was I not,
delegated to the convention to proolnlinrand
establish a State CAtution ; it had to.b a
proved by Oongromft;"-nnds touch Irene- ' 1
to be approved by the sovereign prier 'Ali
_Piss- -.whets - -toe - 'lair. -frausit, She,.
Con, noted. It was not- a mere sto s tuto
law, repealable at will by a Legislature tti sit
yearly, and to be chosen by the precincts of annual
elections. It was the groat fundamental organic
law, under which titles and tenures and franchisee
wore to be held, and judges and legislators were to
sit, and executivo authority was to wield the arms
of State, and °tines were to be filled, and justice
was to be administered, and law was to be enacted,
and confederate station was to be assumed, and
sovereignty itself was to bo assumed—and it was
to bo irrepottlable by legislation, and to be, in a
word, the supreme Constitution of a State, under
which oho was to be received into the most glorious
Union of States which over protected and fortified
the liberties of mankind! Whatl Tell us that
an instrument of this dignity; that republican
government itself, was not to be submitted in its
form and plan proposal, to the only lawful cove
reigns—the organized people—not a mere mans of
persons. lout the loon fide inhabitants and legal
voters of the State to be governed, for their eke
lion, to adopter reject it ! De jure, I say it ought
to have boon so submitted. Pure and unde
filed republicanism. consorvativo Democracy, re
quired that it Should bo so submitted. There is
no mobocracy in that idea. It is even, just, steady,
organized free republican action ; the law of popu
lar liberty, defined by citizenship and the rule of
election, and is the true example of essential sove
reignty iu the people. Instead of so submitting
this proposed Constitution by the more agent, the
Convention, deferentially to the principles, the or
ganized sovereign people, thorn was a usurpation
—n withholding from them of afar, free, full, and
equal election to choose or not to choose their own
Constitution of self-government. It was e.r parte:
it was all on ono side • it, was, in gambling phrase,
the foul “Ileads I win and tails you lose;" the
Constitution was obliged to be adopted, with the
clause or without the clause; the veto was bound
to be "for the Constitution ;" it was all pro anti
no con; and we say that was no submission to en
election at all. Election is choice of alternatives
—to adopt or to reject ; to reject ns well as
adopt, to adopt as well as reject. There was no
ehoico in this moo, and no equality of voters iu
the case. Throe men went to tho polls ; A said,
"I vote for the Constitution with or without the
clones; but B and C said, "We vote against it,
with or - without the clause," A's veto was counted,
D's and C's worn not to be counted, and thus cue
was made not only to effect two, but to In solo sub
stitute in fact for three against the majority of two
to one out of three. Now this was but the unveiled
trickery and shameless fraud of a so-called echo
dale. There was neither right nor justice in it. The
Democracy of Virginia at least scorns a title of any
sort founded on a fraud, occult or pidpable, like
this. We Bay that, as between the Convention of
Leconipton and the people of Kansas, the question
was ono de joys, and de jure tho whole Constitution
in all its parts ought to have boon submitted to all
the legal voters pro and coo, and the two voters
ought to have ' been allowed their voices against
it as well as the ono voter his voice for it. And,
BO far as slavery is concerned, it mato the (lase
worse against that species of property, to sub
mit the slavery elaxso alone to the election
of the people. Why discriminate in respect to
that " peculiar institution ?" Is it because It win
peculiar ? If we contend for anything especially it
is that our property shall not be distinguished or
discriminated from other property in legislation.
It stands on the same footing of right to protection
and preservation which is claimed for any other
description of thing owned or possessed by others as
property. Why was this singled out for theehanoos
of prohibition? Was it not enough that the Bad
ger amendment of the Kansas-Nebraska bill had
already enacted that nil laws protecting anti es
tablishing it prior to 1810-'2O should in topeatod t
Why repeat a discrimination against slavery in
this schedule of submission? 'this was ground
enough to make pro-slavery partisans resat ft.
In fact, and of right, if the Constitution had not
been submitted at all, in whole or in port, to the
people, it would have been more impartial and
morojust to the elaveholder than as it was sub
mitted. If there be any mistaken and mho
guided and mieguiding parties in the South who
would bo guilty of arraying against the ectual rights
of slave property the Irresistildo and indlsputa•
ble rights of popular sovereignty, we would have
our property from the guardianehip of such folly,
and rely, as property and protection must always
most safely rely, rather upon law and order and
the rule of justice and fair dealing—to "ask
nothing but what is right, and to submit to nothing
which is wrong." On the ground of policy, then,
as well as de jure, the whelo Constitution ought
1 1 to have been submitted to all tho legal voters,
without fear, favor, fraud, or force. So much for
the case els jure. ed. The Convention saw fit to
submit the Constitution to the ono voter alone,
and not to all throe of the voters, and the Conven
tion was legitimate. It was legitimate, de Peltt.
Congress could not go behind tho return; it can
not intervene, we nro told, except to see that law
has authorized the not, and that the form is re
publican. Tho law authorized the not, and we
grant the form of the Constitution itself to be re
publican We don't agree with Mr. Senator Dou
glas, that his own Kansas-Nobroska net wee not
an" enabling statute," and too don't agree, either,
with the President, Mr. Buchanan, that slavery
was the only "domestic institution" to be sub•
milted, as ouch, to the people. Tito Kansas bill
enabled the people to govern themselves; that
was its very essence and its chief excellence, and
every municipal institutiou of a State Government
IA a " domestic institution," The President is a
bachelor, and he must, therefore. be excused for
not comprehending a '• domestio institution" ns
well as wo who have houses full of ohildren. He
had better reasons for his recommendation than
ho assigned. lie was bound to look to the fact
that this was the work of a legitimate Convention,
anti that these were subjects for Kansas alone to
judge of. But whether Kansas bad been allowed
to judge—whether her people had been allowed to
°boom, to dee., to adopt PT select this CoAstituttOn
of government proposed for them—whether they
had bean allowed to govern themselveS was
anether fact, 'ivhich had not been looked to—de
faro, whether the schedule was republican? Ac
facto, whether there were not other denies
tie institutions besides slavery which ought
to have been submitted to the sovereign legal
voters ? It is the very gladness and glory
of our State Governments, When organised, that
they guard andgovern the hearthstones and homes
of the people of the United States Tho State
governments are the municipalities of sovereignty
which embrace especially the indLridual persons,
the families, the households, the affairs and the
homes of our people. It Is that which maker State
rights, State laws, State organization, State action,
so precious, because se domestio,in our Confederacy.
The Federal Government embraces rather nutional
and foreign subjects of jurisdlotion, end therefore,
it ought to leave all domestic questions to the States
and the people. What then ? Why, then, if the
sohednie of submission was anti-rer ablican, If it
was partial, if it did not acknowledge and allow
the sovereign right of the people to judge for them
selves on the question of. highest dignity, the or
genie law of their government, and discriminated
unequally between the subjects of property, the
Congress of the United States ought not to reject
the legitimate and republican Constitution, but
ought to adept it, subject to a fair and legal vote
of tire people of Kansas, according to a law to be
prescribed by their Territorial Logishiture, and
to admit the State under the Constitution whenever
the Territory shall proclaim its approval and
adoption by the people. If they adopt it, to ad
roit her into the Union ipso facto ; and if they
reject it, to leave the people of Kansas in their
own *ay to organize another Convention, and to
submit another Constitution to Congress for ap
proval. This would be a plain and easy solution,
and would take all the asses over the bridge of
shrieks." And for any difference of opinion as
to the mere mode of submitting or solving this
question, I. protest that no true, honest, earnest
Democrat shall be proscribed. No Northerner
ought to denounce the President for recognising
the factor the legitimacy of the Lcoompton Conven•
• lion, and no Southerner ought todenounco Senator
Douglas for &intending manfully for the right of
the sovereign people to adopt or reject their own
form of self-government. There is no conflict, in
truth, between the two principles de jure and de
alto—they, combined, rule the ease. and rule It
rightly. It may be very desirable to have Kansas
admitted as a State as early so practioablo, but
nothing will bo gained by admitting her into the
Union In a mode offensive and oppressive to a
large maJorq of her voters. Wisdom should
teach a minority to insist upon nothing but what
is sustained by perfect fairness and justice A
majority can take enro of itself, and a minority
should bo the last to resort to either fraud or
force. Nothing less than the highest tone
of morality can protect a minority in its rights,
or will restrain a majority from wrong. The
groat State of Now 'York should realize the re•
sponsibilify resting upon her. If she will stand
by Mr. Buchanan as she did by Gm Jack
son; if her Denineraey will only firmly unite;
If she will maintain no other rule than the just
rulo of the law and the Constitution; If she will
remember her greatest stake in swelling the late
Democratic triumphs into a permanency of power.
and in maintaining low, order, justice. peace, and
Union.: if her Democracy will cease their factious
divisions and devotedly and unitedly coma rip to
the patriotlo work of saving a happy and prosper
ous Confederacy from the dangers of dissolution, or
the (Wasters of &ell war, therm truly New York
will resume her empire rind bo en nrbitress thrice
blessed as the peacemaker, All the sister States
already contribute to her beauty and streogth ;
she is in position awl power to be an arbi tress, but
to be so in truth and with effect, she must be sancti
fied to the high and holy office.
Hearty A. Wise.
DANIEL ro• Grand Sachem of
the Tammany Society
AIL STRINGFELLOW ON TIIE LEco:nr-
TON CONVENTION.
TO TII EDITOR oe TIIE
Wasnlawros, Jan. 7, 18L8
Enclosed is a communication, prepared by Dr. J.
li. Etringfellow, of Kansas, for publication in the
Washington Union. That paper has (helloed to
publish It. At his request, in such an event—ho
having in the meantime set out on his return home
—I forward it to you, and ask fur it an insertion.
Respectfully, your obedient sorvant,
Mancus J. PARROTT.
)VaanisnroX, Tan. 5, IK.OB
In the New York Tribune, of the 4th January, a
correspondent from this place, in noticing tny arri
val, uses this language: "Striugfellow, of Kansas
notoriety, arrived hero lest night. lie denounces
the Lecompton Constitution as an imposition. It
is too groat an imposition oven for him." '
I am not vain enough to presume that my
npiniens will have any effect in settling this vexed
Kansas question. Still am unwilling to have
theta misrepresented. I will state what I have
said on this subject. When I arrived in Washing
ton on the 25th November last, directly from Kan
sas, I found a division In the Democratic party
here en that part of the President's message rela
tive to Kansas matters. I stated then, that al
though there was no violation of principle in not
referring the whole Constitution to the people fur
a direct vote, It would have been wiser to have
submitted it, as there won an understanding
amongst lire pennle that annh would be the ease,
and all parties would bare been satisfied. That
'she•foath a' best eeald only ebtaio a mere empty
and temporary triumph, the question hating el
ready bean settled against them by emigration,
the only way in which that settlement could per
manently be effected.
In a few days after my arrival it was announced
that noting Governor Stanton had convened the
Territorial Legislature in extra session—a course
he had undoubted authority to pursue, however
mush the policy may be doubted. The representa
tives of the people, elected by 13 000 voters, 9,000
of whom voted fur Mr Parrot for Congress, as being
opposed to any Constitution from the Leeempton
Convention, passed a bill providing for the submis
sion of the Constitution to the psople for a negative
vote, thus affording them the only opportunity
they sunlit have of expressing their objection to
that instrument, or of being admitted into the
Union under it. I hare raid that, should the
Donmeratie members from the free States, urged
by the South. and for no practical good to the
South, lug Kansas Into the Union egainst the
remonstrance of two-thirds of the people, that
remonstrance expressed in the only legal way
they could express It—namely, by a vote of
the people under the act of Legislature, with
all the penalties for fraudulent voting that
could bo provided by law—that in such event the
Democratic party would of necessity be broken
down nt the North, the peace and interests of Mis
souri and Kansas, if not of the whole Union,
seriously endangered, and by no sort of contin
gency could the interests of the Smith in Kan
san be advanced. So believing, I have urged that
if the people of Kansas, by their vote on Monday
last, did, by a large majority, decide against the
Constitution, that Congress, and especially South•
ern members, should• in answer to the petition
of the people thus expressed, reject the applica
tion for admission, and at once pass an act for the
formation of a now Constitution, upon terms simi
lar to those proposed by the " Toombs bill " of
1856. J. 11. STIIINGFELLOW.
Strike on the fluclituatt and Marietta Hall-
road—The Running of the Road Stopped
(From the Cincinnati Gazette of Friday )
For sours time past an ill-feeling has existed on
the part of the employees of the Cincinnati and
Marietta Railroad Company because of the non
payment of wages due them. On Friday last it
reached the point of open rebellion, which resulted
in a general strike amongst the engineers, firemen,
and brakemen, who congregated at Chillicothe,
where the work-shops aro located, and the engines
and cars repaired.
On that day they took possession of the shops,
and locked up every engine in the round-house,
and as fast as the trains arrived for a couple of
days, they took possession of the engines and ears
and refused to pet wit them to go out again. The
number of engines now held by the strikers is
about fifty, leaving the company o n ly two with
which to operate the road. (If course the result
was the stopping of all the trains. About two
hundred men are engaged in the strike, and at
the last accounts they kept forcible possession of all
the property of the company at Chillicothe.
On Friday Mr. George Barnes, superintendent
of the road, went to Chillicothe for the purpolo of
arranging matters with the employees, but had not
bean successful when the last intelligenee reached
the city. The telegraph wires have been down
for two or three days, probably being cut by the
strikers. Wo understand that Noah L
Esq., president of the road, notified the city au
thorities of Chillicothe, that they would be held
responsible fir tho property of the company, and
the authorities were taking measures to put the
engines, do , again in the possession of the com
pany.
On Tuesday a eltitens' meeting was to he held
at Chillicothe with reference to the subject, but
of the result no account has reached us. Yester
day ono of the officers of the company muds un
effort to raise a 'tome here for the pat pose of
taking them to Chillicothe to aid the sheriff in the
service of any process, or in making arrests of the
leaders in the strike. A train will leave for that
city this morning, at six o'clock, with the men,
together with what engineers and firemen can he
procured to take charge of the engines, should tire
company succeed in getting possession of them.
Great excitement has existed at Chillicothe for
several days, and large crowds of citizens daily
gather around the workshops to watch the pro
gress of affairs.
Since the escape and recapture of Donnelly
there bus been much speculation as to what would
have been the effect if he hail not been taken un
til after the day fixed for his execution, the pro.
veiling opinion ieeming to he that he could not
hove been executed. The editor of the Monmouth
(N. J.) Democrat, at the instance of a subscriber,
has made inquiries upon the point. and pronounces
the popular opinion incorrect. No case like the
ono supposed has over occurred in this State but
the opinion in that court which sentenced hint
could have suspended the execution of the judg
ment indefinitely, and could have ordered his exe
cution whenever ho was again in custody. Cases
of this kind have occurred. in England, in ono of
which thirty years elapsed before the culprit was
re-taken, when the (mart ordered his execution,
and it was done accordingly.
Rev. John Knox, of the Collegiate Reformed
Dutch Church, died at his residence, in New York,
on Friday evening. Dr. Knox was next to tho
oldest settled pastor is Now York. Ito nes born
near tiettysburg, in Adams county, Pennsylvania,
of pious parents of the highest respectability. He
pursued his literary course and graduated at Dick
inson College, Carlisle, Pennsylvania, in Lill. lie
then entered the Theological Seminary of the As
sociate Reformed Church, under the vaperintend.
ones of the Rev. Dr. John M. Mason, and was li
censed for the Gospel ministry in 1815.
Purser John Y. Mason, Jr., U. S. N., has
resigned.
7HE COURTS.
sArrnpAy's PROCREDIXO9
The Tragedy at the St. Lawrence
Trial of Thontas Washington Smith for the
Murder of Richard Carter
[Rep rted for The Press ]
Oren axe TEVIINin —Judge Allison and Ludlow—
The trial of Thomas Washington lbutth charged with
the uthrdor of Richard Carter, ant awned on Satnnlay
morning The public excitement, to place of alintleiah
fug event to be on the iwerease, and every Incident in
detail connected with this singular cute, le caught up
with the greatest avidity. In eomptianre with this itnt•
parlous public demand, we give the full details of all
the evidence tall on en Saturday, and di dt continua to
give each day's proceedings lu full, until the close:of the
rase. There were few Incidente worthy of note occurred
on Saturday.
The prisoner kept himself sodolonsly concealed from
the public gaze ea on the previous dsye. The court
room wee, as usual, crowded to its utmost capacity
An application wad made by the Jury, by letter, to the
court, for permission to vieit their respecti•e places of
worship on yesterday, which, after being aubinitted to
the prisoner's counsel, was complied with. It Is under
stood that each church was to be Yisitod in a body by
the jurors, accompanted by one of the officers of the
court. It is expected that Mr. HiaryJ. Toy/wend, who
wit employed by the prisoner to procure the ditosre, and
Muse Smith, will both be examined today for the defence.
Johnson Biinpers..crciss-oxamined by Mr. Loughesd
Mr. Smith's rather trout away on hernetutek; he had no
funds with him; I think he had mime no preparations
for • journey; I euppose be didn't have much money
with him; I understood be went round to Delaware;
don't know what ho did with his horse; don't know
n heti= he Is living yet or not; I saw the prisoner
about an hour in August; rather more than an hour;
I Raw his madness without his saying anything , know
from hie look; I had beard of his situation bolo. ;
know front his look he was not in his right mind.
Q. From what you en, and hoard, did you is August
lona the opinion that he was not sane
A I knew so before from him look; I hod board of hie
situation; his countenance had fallen; ,he dilu't look
brilliant ae he need to; he looked very gloomy; I con•
retard with him about an hour; he win, a into of truth:
here no reason to believe he told me anything that
treett't true on that occasion; don't know that he made
any mistake in fact upon any subject ; the subject was
but one which he talked on; he did not on that one
subject make any misstatement, that I know of
ll• When he told you the bletory of he troublea, to
accounting for them, did he stale any fact that you
to
liere wan untrue !
A. I don't think that he did, I had beard these mat•
tore before I saw him; he didn't tell um lio had been
married: he spoke to me of his wife; ha did not speak
of his wife having given birth to a child on that °era,
sion; he d'd say the child wasn't his; his principal topic
woo d ivorce; said ha couldn't get cue until he got
citizenship in the State; am not certain whether he said
one or two years It would require to get a divorce; said he
was Roam on to New York; It was in September he told
ma that; in August, he said be was coming on to Phila•
delphia to era his - Attorney in reference to the ditoroe
cave, he was rather better in September.
Ile-examined by Mr. Brown —I had no means of as
certaining whether his statements were true, ,•},pi
what I had heard from other person,.
Cro.4..exemlned.—lie Nieto! only uhat In iny opinion
na., true.
Re examined —lliad no way of funning an opinion,
excepting what 1 heard
Or. Charles T. Simpers, sworn.—l am the son of the
old gentleman oho has Just left the stand; I reside at
North Vast; 1 ass a little dull bearlug; am a
practising physician there at the present time ; I know
the defendant ; have known him since he was a snail
boy ; I raw him in August last ; I had ',mobilo prior
to his marriage; be wee then vely much elated ; in
August last he was emaciated; 1 did observe some
thing peculiar about hie countenance; It we, eepres
11110 of trouble; tho expresidon wan a strange one; I
observed something peculiar in the expression of hie
eyes; his eyes were wild ; the expression of his eye wan
stillerent from what 1 ever had seen before in him
Question was It a fixed or tlighty look ?
Objected to by District Attorney Lougbead j and ir•
geed be him and D P. Brown. Esq
Objection overrule I be the court.
Answer. It was an unsteady look; he roar exceed
ingly nervous, very ro. mous ; o hen speaking he would
speak vehemently and rapidly, unusually so; he 111.11
very regless; constantly changing his position, his con
versations were confined almost exclusively to one sum
ject ; this war the subject of his misfortunes ; his
manner of speaking woe dirferent from what it was be
fore when speaking on the subject of his misfortunes;
my opinion was his mind was unsound on the rubject of
his Iniglortuties
Edwin Winner, sworn —I reside at Elk ton. Cecil coun
ty, blaryland ; I know the defendant ; have known him
about twenty yearn; hie natural dismaitlou was kindly
amiable disposed man WAX the estimation I always held
him tie; big moral character is unexceptionable; saw
him in the latter part of July or August, on the road
from Port Deposit to Elkton, on the herders of the town
of North East; last saw him before in the fall of ISM In
the mouth of October or Nos ember, I think it was ; will
not be at all reit/. about the date; when met him on
the road to North East, I observed a great change in
him; I then had no conversation with him ; he looked
very haggard and wild In his expression; I Just spoke to
him ; had no conversation with him ; I next saw him at
Mauston House, Baltimore, iu the latter part of October
or November, 1 only law him about five minutes on that
occasion ; I w ant to the Mansion Douse to ace a gentle
man; I met Smith there; lie was acquainted with the
gentleman I wished to see; South said hcnould give
him any message if I would leave it with him; I commu
nicated to him my business message and left hninodiately;
alter leaving the hotel I thought of them Ildnes+ and rest
lessnees exhibited in his deportment and concluded llama
unsafe to commit toy business to him ; afterwards I left
the message with another loudness friend.
Jacob Hyland, sworn. I reside in Baltimore; AMA
cominisston literal:tent; I know the defendant; hare
known him about twenty years; his moral character
WAS good, his natural disposition very kind; have seen
good deal or Min during the twenty years I trek of ;
RAW lira In Balthoure In July or August, P 35, ; about
the 22i of July, I think; saw him previously, probably
a year or Hl:meths ; I did not know him when w e met
in July. lie looked •o o ild ; he HAS very much ema
ciated—had fallen away a great deal, and was very
wild; I mean the expression u: eount(inx[l4o ; L
bonidet at the Mansion Hoene where he boarded;
toy thrifty was in the cnuotty at the time;
saw a great deal of him w bile there, kocw hie
habits; very frequently he roomed with me; ho
slept very ; I generally went to bed fled; I tried
generally to 'mike hue go up with me; I tried to take
control over hint ; lie seemed indisposed to go to bed ,
a hen he roomed with LIP he very frequently would got
up In the night and commence talking about his diffi
culty and I could tell hint to hush up; he would
spring out of bed and commence arguing his difficulty
with coo ; I would tell him to hush Up and go to bed
again; this was a common thing with ham; I sat
clear him at the table ; he ate very little at times; fre
quently walked out with bite; I wade it my busi
ness to be NN I tit him whoneaer I posaility could;
from the appearance of the moo I thought he would
go crazy; I saw him then In October, 1911. at the
Morodun Holum and at my alike; he used to genie there;
I used to take him from breakfast and after we had
dined down to the oilier ; I talked to hint a good deal;
he generally talked about the trouble and difficulty
he had on account of his is ife.
The court then took a recess tint 13 o'clock. tele nit
was resumist
Samuel Ford, sworn. I reside at North East; I know
the defendant; have known him fromityouth up; I uses'
him in the year 1857; saw him at North East in the latter
part of August, and In Baltimore subsequent to that
tone ; I had seen him In the latter part of September or
early port of October, 1850; he then looked cheerful,
lively and guy, as he usually was ; In August, ISST, when
I Kee IWO, I obaervel a very groat change In him. indeed,
so much so I would not have recognised hint had I met
him on the :street In the city; his countenance was
changed, his appearance was haggard; I know of no
other sold to ex mess ea LitiPrs in his loots, e wild
unsettled explestien in his I'3 , never saw It:in have
this e x pression before ; his actions to ere reitle,e ;
could not keep Ithuself quiet; it scan sery Leith so
seemed vary much disturbed and excited; I converse
oath hint du ling the afternoon of the day he arrived,
the es using, that night, and next morning; lair I,rinci
pal talk sent the rubjectof his misfortunes; this mar
the burden of lain conversation, exclusively on Ibis one
thing ; hie manner mire notch were vehement and ex
cited than usual, very much more no; I tray I coot] on•
slly to divert lily mind rope that subject; I
Wan not successful; the would net convert.° on
any other subject for name than a fir memeets ; has
neettlett as if ho one all a state of mental tottering, not
physically; I leapt with him that night at my father'a
house; he del nut sleep quiet, but quite the reveree ; I
doubt if ho slept any that night, irony, very tattle , be
Iraflelel/InUall) We me, and runt t Ned; t m at not
awake any time that he mar not au aka anal wanted to
talk about this auhjeet ; would rouse up ambient:. , take
the clothes off of me, amgo on to another pert of the same
subject; he told me he had not slept (tau night before. I
wan confident he was insane, and it PM the subject Of re,
la.trk by all 1010 PAW halal he was insane
Croon•exemined by Ihstrict Attorney Mann—Thi, was
in August, can't say if I atm him in :froth East ;Utter
manta, but I alit iu Baltimore, and ley opinion was the
Sate°, salt hien frequently there ; the latent war donna;
the whole of the month of September; he was with Mr.
Ryland then ; don't knot if he attended to hotline-a;
can't state a he/ tag Cenrereat lons were; they Store on
lain gettinga did twee and his misfortunes; I cannot repeat
areitimees Admit tee used; cannot state bit 131,BalagA
can't remember What hu eell that Light ultra lie War
awake ; I en havered to get him to sleep ant Lot alint,
mo, end let mi. sleep; leis answer I don't remember, don't
recollect whet lie said about the elivoece ; the rambling,
wild and Incoherent uterine, of his language mode me
think him insane; I thought from the l enguage that
he was lonalle; nay general toime•sion was that lie Way
insane, anal fur this reason I did not take pain, to recol
lect whet lie said, This Dupers...ion mate en my mind
m hen I first looked at him, I funned Oil. impresrien
m lien I first 01st him, and it 11,1coutlented by her cornea -
notion, anal took nit paint to ieculleet has cons taratieti ;
this was part of the reason; his whole timelier and de
meanor, his wildne,s, Incoherency. &c., was another rea
son; hie conversation was generally Cal kir tillerre; lie
did not converse reasonably on this subject, but I cannot
tell noything unrensonable he Arid
Alexander lkL I
erni. Boom —I ant a fanner; 11,0 In
Cecil county, ,Marylatel , 1 kites Small, and hate
I. nom n hien since u bey ; his moral rharaeleT in good;
1 net er knew or heard of anytlitug scaliest ; 1414
natural dirponition I always considered Has very good,
I saw plate in the latter part of September, ISST, in
Baltimore; I caw him last before that in October ear
September, 1855, et any house; he eroke of lair intended
marriage tome; said he expected to get merriest Ant al ;
/11/11111 not tell me to m hoin, and appeared delighted to
tell me, anti teemed as if it was a secret he was tell
ing me ho bed tint reveal to others; his smuts
were v dry One I thought, I saw a peenliar thane°
ht him When I saw him in Baltimore; he wee
111110 t thinner In cleat.; hie face was ettanr,ett, that is hi,
countenance ; can't stay oho spoke Mot, but think I did;
When he first approached the room nitero I was altt111;!,
I got up upon my feet, mad me met each other, anal I
shook hands there ; lila area around my shoulder, :sod
wiped his eyes; then I invited limy to taken seat, and we
sat dem it together, awl tee sold I suppose you have loot
confidence in me; he risked me if 1 ,As hid it and
then he spoke about obtaining a divorce.; I think me
talked frouv'2,t4 to .1 hours; this etas in the Fountain Inn,
Baltimore ; w kilo me were talking he would remark to
me, and asked me if I believed the people knew abet he
Nana ying ; those people \sere not near enough to hear
what ho was saying; l think twice iu our cony ors:then
he rose to lair feet, and threw up her countenanco,
wrapped his coat around him, and I invited lion to act
dean; raised his head, and Mopped it again; he seemed
to peers the conversation to me 14.1 u secret, I believe he
said three different tinier if I believed anybeely knew
v. hat ho was talking about ; I ob.arved a tremor In hie
frame; so much so I don't think Ile crake a wool tome
fora minute; thin was Rhea Ile foot 'net me; I belies
that his mloil wits uneound on the eubject of his trem
bles; I folioed this opinion nit the thee ; tine is the last
time 1 rate him Mt I saw him In prison.
Crow-examined by District Attorney Mann.—l heel no
way of ithigine. lain mind MOS 13011114 of other subjects.,
my impression NA as he conceited other people heard m hat
be mos talking about; I considered this brae° ; We
spoke in Is too tone of voice ; I knew t spoke lett ; be
also spoke In a low tone of voice; our cons creation u arr
pretty mocha this way; why lie adopted ties style I /All . t
keel, nor can I say I done It to gratify him; I theught
his desire was nut to be heard, and exhibited this ile•Ir0
by speakteg law; the people were from 55 to 40 feet from
in lies shoe room; a room es ante ft 4 th is ettert 110t1,0;
I mean the length; its w idth Urns 55 lest; I shouldjudge
there mere Out few in at the time; it was the bar-room of
the public house or at least the office; we tt et e in lint
south corner, about thirty-live or fealty feet (rent the
door; the !people were In the north corner; he astral
me if 1 was his friend, in the manner he asked it I
thought It strange, he related to me his troubles;
and be asked me if I thought his friends would for
sake him, nod if I was her friend ; I regarded this as
an evidence of iusentty ; he would throw up and don
pie CouutenaUCo: got up on bls feet, alt down again,
TWO CENTS.
and that Is the mum 1 regnrdod him as of unsound
mind; lite Language I would regard alone Si an
imileation of unsoucalseat of mind; I do not think
• sonod-minded roam would ask toe If portion coukt
hate blm who were some thirty fast off; the question
la nasty ml; I thought he was very much incited;
Inlets excited. I dld not think he would sal oath •
question, I don't recollect the conversation, all of it;
h• told nos with the consent of his friends he would go
nod fight the Indians, If Its miter was by tax side; he
did hot state when , 1 thought that laws.; don't know
this was descriptivo of hie feelings, amt to the boat of
mt recollections I don't think he said any thing clout
his feeling., but 1 am trot certain tho conversation
lasted some two and • halite three hours; he con
tor.ed pretty much all tie time, he did nit say
what ha was golog to do, I &Weed k:m; he had
plenty of friends; 1 invited him to COW. and stay
a Ith me, sod boar nit oat, hi. troubles, am} q¢k
thinking about them: It fem.t to melt him do - vn ; hi.
conatemme• • on 141111; helmet he had wade up hie mind
to apply for divorce; I think he mid, it wan hi. settled
purpos ; ho ',poke sonsethiag about the law ; sold some
thing about reeldenea to reunaylvaula ; hie conversation
waa on the obstacles thrown fa his way; I wee not very
attentit e , and wanted to divert Idol mind from rt: it
evens"! to b , ono straight subject he was talking h e
would repeat things ever sod over shout his (titbit look
ing at him In contempt mid nothing about his centrtahlp
and marriage ; I never lesroed from him the whole story,
I 111. not punitive if he asked me if I beard It; I suppose
he thought I know all about It
Re-examined by D. P. Drown bad always
bomb's frici,d, sad thus when he naked me It attonlabed
me ,• the people around could not hear Win; and It as
amished me, from the fact of knowing the moo previous.
Ilia going to right the Indiana also operated on my mind
set I came to the conclusion of his unaoundaem of
mind.
Re.crow-examine.l by Loughead—The *Mule In the
welt and south ends, from the door we were not over
twelve feet
John Janney swore—.l live in ?teeth Zane, Coeit comi
ty, Maryland, aro a surveyor end ocinveya.neer i %poen
Smith for twenty yams; he was quite a boy when I be
come acquainted with him; saw hiss la Ample, 'SST,
at ?forth East first time ; I ow bin lime lale marriage .
I observed & very peculiar 'binge in him; be was at
fret a fine looking young man, good countenance, clear
ant expreaelve eye, and when I amv him again It
was quite the reverse: ho ter emaciated. very yellow,
end had a very peculiar tenuitmin &Mot his eye, a
peculiar look about big eye; never silw him look
%hie way before ; I spoke to him, be - rather spike
to Me. for I dirt not boos biro when he smile to
me; he souk.) to me by name ; say• lis It postible this
IC Tom Smith; ble mower wee I mo the fecoant et re
mainder of Torn Smith, I don't remember which. I
knew nothioc oriels ildeculties. and inquired for the wel.
fire of his wife; his response was I have,.. wife; this
reepon.e and his doleful appeoranee canard me ark to my
any thing more to him.. theta-mm:on : he wag egitat,4
very muck ; I euyipurre theillitlioitioolaad Tulle cum..;
leaked him no more; I think h. thee asked me about the
fetilee elution in that eounty soil State ; before puitilag
n reply he was several step. Iron in, and when he MCA
tack said I am done with politics forever. It was uo a
porch at North bast; sail nothing' for him to. elm away
In aught sullen manner; be caked about soma other per
sona in the place but I don't recollect whom; at tinit my
ein t at
I mpreasion was be au mentally or pbysleal dormaged,
sod the coneiroOon was I todierect him to . mentally
deranged ; I have expremad MO. opinion
conscious of his wife e dirgreee at that wag. I Warp
Cross-examined by Ihetrict attorney kturee.- - -lierse not
tt,r would not have mentioned It to hurl; be enklitha re
mainder of Tom Smith 1 took it to M all:Kolar observe.
bon; lie looked very sad, but spoke pitammtly; never
beard him speak any other way be my lafe; Me fawner of
speaking wee not pleaunt to me ; but it is herd to discri
minate how it was with him. as I thought he iras not
right, arid I felt l ` unhappy myself; I was *warned for
bin health ; the ittLetion was for Governor ,• I attempted
to tell him how It would go. but be moved *way; tried
to tell him the State was safe for the Americium be ob
*erred/mat afters lola he sea done with politico forever;
be e, an a warm politician, and took a great Interest in
lie politic, ; wo were political brethren; he gave na rea
son for saying he woo done with politics.
By District Attorney loughlad —This wan on tiro
porch of the store. the last of Amorist; the convenation
looted about IS or alii minute', and he manifested a great
deal of unwearineve, and seemed to be restlere; I did
not take a step that I know of; I may have stepped
about, but du not recoiled; he was nerve., and excited.
and it e as the manner of it nerve.. end excited man.
Thomas Hughes, soon —I hoe in Baltimore , •in a
I.olllElll,lton merchant; I hare 11,141ffel Smith for about 8
years; in March,lBs7, I raw him in Broadway, T. Y ; we
reinamod at thu same libtel. and occuied the same room;
an Incident occurred which showed hi, affection for his
wile; I was lying awake. [Obleatrcl to by Mr. Mann,
and otter argument, the Court orerruled the objec
tion.]
I heard him speak of the „happiness he enjoyed In
his m ter bet life, and fo anticipate , ' joy, and happinem.
not of having now an object to live for; on the follow.
ing morning I saw him take from wider his pillow his
wife's likeeess; he held it up, looked at it, then kismet
It, and then again looked at it; I made a movement
which I suppose attracted his attention, and be thou
cemed to act in this way; e appeared In good health
and spirits at that time; 1 next saw him in the latter
part of July, ISI7. at the Mansion Moue, in the city
of Baltimore; I observed a change In him; he had
more hair or his face; was thinner In tub; I
thought the general expresnon of his connte
more was entirely different ; his eyes had a
glaring appearance; an appearance different than ever
I new betore in hie eye, I conversed with him; hie
first talk was about the dilicnitlem otitis marred life; on
every occasion In which I root, him he would talk about
it ; I remarked n peculiarity ice his conversation ; it wu
alas.) dlreettd to that imbiect; hie conversation gene
rally vi as rapid; I noticed tranotioes In bee conversations
on several mearione; I do not recollect the precise dates
but it wee between the latter part of July and the 20th of
October, 1e.57; nu ms mild speak of his intention of obtain
ing a divorce, end he would then remark that he con
sidered thin woman had never been, legally or morally,
log n ife ; there were many things which at the time at
tracted my attention, but which I cannot now distinctly I
recollect; they attracted my attention front their tn
cotMleateiee eith others—because they eeemed so dif
ferent (tom any of his usual expreexione; I taw him
very frequently between July and October; 1 saw blur
the last time on the 10th of October. on lialtimore
street, ler only a few minutes; he appeared to be
laboring wider very great excitement; hie frame was
agitated; his eyes then had a more unnatural expres
alma than at any previous time I had .ern Lim; he
write:teed his lawyer on genital occasions; mid he
believed he was bribed by Mr. Carter; he maid some
thing about even; on our eteallloll. after hie return
from Washington, he staled he had been acceded in the
e' trete , temode by a roan who vequeeked him to
go to a public home tie,. the Avenue. a bleb lee
refuse I to do; after lids return he told me that
In believed him to be a Foy of Mr. Carter at the
utile time lie related the cirenentance • I believed
eteteini nt of the parte ha, for appraelmel hue.
bat I belieeed that lien idea of lice party being a
spy wee incorrect; en, opinion an to the gate of
kin mind is—on some occeeiou, he appeared to be
rational -sail calm. and on others very irrational
mid excited; on the toot occasion I saw bun I believe
he was unaiiittel: oath,' disposition wee ala aye kind
an/ gentle; his moral Character hes been very goal
throes-examined by Mr. elann.-1111 remarks about an
appeicet ion for a divorce, end then In the same breath
suing that he did not coaeidor her has wife,T&A. 1.400-
eider, an incensieteney, I cannot at preeent think of
any other; hie remarks were to the effect that the mar
-rage wee a (mud; that was the impreeslon conveyed to
lay mind; his language then Ina not very adj.% it
van mixed up with other subjeetee e kdon't knew if he
be wan mistaken when he raid n took that man
is Weehutigton to be a spy; when lie Oral spoke of it
I Intigh,d at Itim. end he appeared hurt; I said
try and drive these morbid fancies from your
curl. I de not recollect his anewer ; I die not
b cheer he was capable of thinking sanely upon the
sithie et of hes wife; I don't recollect anything he sod
time a high-minded, honorable man would not have
void bad he been so deceived in a wife; the only rupees-
Flan he nerd wan "Come and take •drink ; 1 ' he ap
proached me from behind and struck me on the
shoulder: it was in a very wild yammer; I thought
getuethiug wan troy in the expreemon and partly
in the manner; ill the other interview before
this one I have just spoke of, him remarks about
the party at Waellitsgtua was etre Irrational; this
opinion on his part was entirely different from
whet I hal seen before. ea I renstelered him open
and net trtl,plClollli ; I Wei,: that he hal become
smpieium, in that the char.,a consisted; this was
an element that mile up my imed that he was of
un
sound mind, I cannot roisill,t u tae iii• ceo , n of right
any incident that amid throw arse II;ht the
subject: cornet recollect e.ny time/melee , r calculated
to give ale an opportunity of fermiee an opinion. at
the time I lamt PAW tuna; I in not holiest , lie eat eel. -
ble of Juilgine between righi and w rune o,' any subject;
stealing might be roe of the exception:. I di not
make it so or not so. I suppose be woe capable of
knowing ant did know it was wrong to kiteal ; I
bad knee n him about 8 pane; him educate:°
templet,' before I 1 EWA bins I believe; tee th ^ //".t
few rare 1114 itcqualiantice was ; Ido not he. revs
he wan capable of Meerut that it ea! wrong to a` lll
a man eguinst the law of the lurid, the rectums , a t
under it hieh labor-it ea, too great to elle, him to tile
thieuist, beta Len nclit and oiling in tilhoit ; such is my
tielof, (mulled en his conduct; daring the Interview
hi, conduct has such I male A leteteXl of e1m,0&44 in a
,fora in order to liner him: 1 was not with him then
re than twouu mutes, I Lave not •aid he did not know
it an, i rung to 1111 a inn, tall all Al; to his elicit...mut
Lo could not judge between right and wrong; I do not
think Ina :Med twee in such a con talon am to term an
opinion as to whether. if he killed a mare he amid lie
liable to arrest .11111 puoiehment : 1 believe that he could
nut rellect
Cro4s-ecatoined by Loo mead —I had born tolerably
intimate u ith him for the last 4 or 5 'ear.; to one on
with Lim at our twt interview ; he had not ben n drink-
In,: to me knowledge; had he reeled and +taggered aboat
I ihould bare thought he had been draiki:.; or if 1 hut
emolt hgnor upon him, I may titre drat eats eater
; Iltntining rtrolizer , Ith, hen , lappal we on
the shoulder hi nilkht hat e cant and come take
drink, or imoinir to thAt ,•(frt; his wormer and appear
mire indicated to rnr nasotio.lue,s of mind, or :Lu
sati%
Adjourned to }lender
liT—C J ri , , W0"..1n ant, Knox
and Thompson, Justices.
George hi' 'mermen es the Lebanon Valley Railrcad
Company el of A bill in equity woo tiled on Thursday
last by the csinplalnant, an origirel stiekholler, on be
half of himselt and much other stockholders am may
choose to become partners to the Milt, against the com
pany and it. directors and °fluor., to prtl cot the merg r
lmtcoo.olidation of the company into the Philadelphia
and licadine Itailroa Con.pany, under an net of Assein.
lily of the Mb May. 1557, t'roeidi•g f or th e
lion of the Lebanon Valley Railroad Company and the
Phils lelphia and Rooliog Railroad Company ''
The bill alleges that a good agreement hat been
entered into between the directors and managers of the
too companies, (made. am it afterwards appeared. on
hth D,cember, 1b:.7,) which wan to be submitted to
(AO of the ttoctihoblers on Monday, 11th January.
ig;;S i MA if accepted by a intjortly of Totes east, (ea h
share being entitled to coo Tc ted then a certificate cf
the same, with a copy of the agtceraent. being filed
to the obi, ..f the Pecretsry of the Comnumwealth,
the merger and consolidation of the Lebanon \ alley
Company into the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad
Company was to be complete, and each stockholder in
the Lebanon Valley Railroad Company woo to be•ome
o stockholder in the Phdadelphin and Reading Rail
road Company, and robject, so such, to all its liabili
ties
The bill then alleged that the said the Philadelphia
and Rradmg Railroad Company, with small front Phila
lelphi•t to Potts% ille, of a little more than ninety milee.
had expended ay year age $10,163,161.00, of which nearly
eight millions consisted of outstanding indebtedness.
On bonds, mortgages, and other liabilities j and your
orator 191111'011119d, and believes, that the said coin] any
halo increased their liabilities, tome of which they
hare Leon unable to meet, and have also placed another
mortgage on their road to a large amount. to cove•
former and present, and perhaps future iudebtednese.
It is also alleged that the Phi's& ]phis and Reading
Railroad Company, and the only of Reading, and t'•e
borough of Lebanon, and, he believe , , the county of
Lebanon, own or control a majority of the 'took of the
said Lebanon Valley Railroad Cornoany ; and if it be
true that the Philadelphia and Realing Railroad Conn
olly Ins, s returned to the city of Reading their bonds,
and hold their st..ck. amounting to 5200,000, your orator
avers, and so charges. that, under the provisions of the
and act, by an Lich each 9111111. to elatalt , l to one sae,
and ft majority of votes so cast Is to bind all the stock
holder', the two meetings and the two elections will
91119t111y decided and controlled by tine Philadelphia
nod Ibuiding Railroad Company. and it would have been
more to have rooted once that the 5 110,
Linn should be submitted ro the stockholders of that
company alone.
The bill then alleged that the complaina❑t 11 - 11 9 in
formed a n d so Inst. iteted, that the said act of the rah
of May. 15:.7. to contrary to the principles of natural
justice, In violation of the tir.,t article of the tenth
section of the Constitution of the toiled States, and of
the seventeenth section. and tenth section of the ninth
article, and the fourth sect,on of the seventh article of
the Constitution of the State of Perin<ylvanla, and that
all proceeilino under it aye null and void. ey ithoat the
unanimous c01.19011t of all the stockholdara of the whirl
the Lebanon Valley Falleoad Company, and that your
NOTICE TO CONJLESPONDINTS
Oarraspied6sts Ito , g Tea hams " irli 3iimis Ms to
alai lb* (oilmen rata
lhory etemealesele• seat le seeemosakol 17 the
11•1.1 e of tar niter. Is 0121. c t, lawn. egeredzem at
tbe typesT•Ay bat cue t.. 14 •1' • skeet sbeskt be
writt.es spaa
IV• alkali b• grikatiy °Weal to glatlasma la Poesarl
nal' Sidi ether Ewan km asaterialiaaa fivtag Ur air
raid sows of tSik ity is Matz partieder locattaaa taw
naaarais et Um surrotattai imPastry, ths fasarai of
popalatico, awl say isimemestaa that aiLl la latimbiabbe
to Ma pails! Nair.
crater has tarred apen the mit tmespaay his writhe
preteen egtotort all settee ander the atld set •espy of
.bleb whew, (matted DJ Le arantet team( mob p
of this, his bill. art
Antal:get other prayers. the till resumed sprayer Set
a rmlivalthrl taiseeticee la these verde n had that the
defendants, tht,r offiatni. seats lia4 serraati, wad
awry of them. Lod all others acting Co. ores behalf of
the,, or ei ther of theta, moy rentemmed by a pre
liminary Wartime firm all h,thre or Mb os ae , hiw
safer the said set of the ieh Rey, Mr. sad frees
settler ay, or le any manage alleging that tier, sae a
joint acritemsat of the demure mot mar.a.gere of the
two rompanlee, or ~tint op the aura er heis, the
them before as alleged retesting at La
eat that they aad the iteethattera may reetrialitei
by the said prelim:l~y injegartiSs tram knits; coil
meetirg Da the tliD Jeans/9,lW e few the parietre of
cow:twin the ass* or from acting to Soy way en:~
alleged joint scremant "
A ~llea heroic bean made tar • pealiminary *Om
ton, It 1.1. a Lawrie( by John M. Read. Ethave, fee the
eemplainast, and by 8t Norge 1. Campbell tai Wil
l:are hi iteredit • „ Esquires, for the 414(iindiatil, vith
treat vtrcr and aninatou. a hoar(--c the altdaelt
of the omplatomet sad t collate, anigewil at W.
Ii (rota, oaf, of the directors of the eammany eat she
the en - poet:tea/ant of the Philedelpiiht sad V.MLLI
Railroad Company mem mad.
The &rpm:rant fee the complainant vas that this .ad
toalteration of the Lerma of the eettapeny
[set eenteraplalang its heiag merrarbet and
tato
another mod with ettormemi habaLtlase eb*tiaa — i
by all the ~Wow, both Zachnle mat Ansterials, ft ...I
sot wi this the Fever of the directors ee at tie stock
holder.. anem the. charter, to Whet It, sal that by
all the Ametiath tensions, many of theca lain sal.
leeted in two late aorta of wathowity—Pieres eta Baia
ways, and Iteddeld ea Railways—the Ltrialidat• teal(
eat tied it witteat the annaimmaa conerat et all the
stoelthattere, Wag is direct emiabaa of the let artnie
of the loth **cam of t h e Comatitatiaa at the Ncirri
State*, no Stela shall paw thy *t La Impaimait thw
b'iceliene of cant:recta — ant th e 1:11 meth= Um
kith artlale of the Commitatista K PraskrylvvaArs,
',hie% says. " sof ear Law itspairtac ~trade Lid be
made," aid Mu that.. tom refund." of say hIY %oft/
pftvAed. it .as a close viol:thee of the 19th sense of
the same article ant the 41111 seethe of the Ith irtirgr.
It was also entree that the owmpbethent, it seemems
with the thy of Barham the bersegh of Latent. eat
other stockholders who bed pallwi their stack. bad as
farther liability Wire the chaster of tha lehanemit Tal
ley Railroad Conapthloe, bat if they beenarett stelLhatet •
"d." 811 act of Mb May, ISM at the Phinfietphth sad
Reeding Raab-oat Compeer eiellk. natter the Uth Ape
tion of he wig:event to tie PkiLdelphis sad But.
my Railroad dewier. passed 51 rebreary. lall , dry be
came Josatir bells dis par Lard, (reed 1.11 t40211:7
en..ee,. for elf tf.tti dm Pitithialpais mad Read
ing Railiatet Company. tattradi.l altar the peas* at
the last meat,or.el let, that is for all tebte ettatneeted
daring the lest *early eight yenta, sad that maybe
hereafter amtrahed
This it rat cootoodol, no legislature malt fares seam
the 'feet hoiden of &ay company%
Os the part of the delendavta, it .ae wiped that tits
was a SeLtSl 1,2411 C earparattcn, Tartals; easily of the
ham* of a pielhenikip seal Snell ) mt. sod that a we.
lorilY a rotes cast email thmfery motto! the mitherity.
v inch. in this insta.s.ce. coneistvi of one ladleidisal.
Itome also arysted that ilite vu a sumader et the
corporate freocbfese sod property to the State, sod at,
granted by Mr= to the Thiladefphisi sad Novi* tan.
nod Ccaarany ; add thereeznit a iiejoray et wide ea
matt vivre.
It was ulna irunriatitd train etre c 4 thin juuryare of the
►lll. tie• Ranallair Railroad Cain pay alaoadd Logo beam
tad* 1 parry; but this amend ixouatarial as tla
present arrIIOIIZOL. oltardi did Dot Ltucho Mt relief
esered for.
The eourt, after a short denbersticra. ask that they
del sot mean to decide this fluted°. wee: bat es it maid
do So hum to allow the oreetray te>H hekll axd • moth
tthee, tier merle an crier allevlay the same to be
done, bat <hived** that the oestalleate thereat shenlet
lot be d fed With the Secretary of the Cornamenweatth
until the further ardor of the mart
This we regard se o meet inryerrtaat cleat.= bp it
the Legislature hare the power. as claimed by the de
fent Into, then no man can - rah safety teem* a stock
holder to any carrepany within Um Stethet Pennsilthnia
GENERAL NEWS..
The Hamilton (C. W.) Spectator glees the
fallowing sequel to the death of a young lady, the
niece of a sheriff in Upper Canada, which loss
chronicled a few days before. It seems that mu*
gaited attachment was the cause of her melancholy
end. One of the most deplorable eircumetancee
connected with the sad story is, that the gentle.
man to whom she was engaged did not int/zed the
slightest insult or nakindems. He wrote to her,
informing her of a change which ht had made in
hit fitait ion, stating that he now received a cer
tain amount tt salary. and asking her opinion as
to the prudence of their getting married. Not en
calving an answer, he went to Landon himeelf to
converse with her upon the subject, and was met
with the information of her tragie end. She was
said to be the mad beautiful girt in the city.
After she bed been buried a day or two, her
corpse was frond lying on the nitrate of the soil
in the churchyard. Some bodyntnambere had
probably attempted their nefaziom designs.
but bad fled, through superstitious fears or quail
ing' of eoftscience. Iler remains were of course
re-interred, and watch is to be kept several
months near the grave. The disentombeaent
not performed in a scientific manner. The whole
affair is one of the saddest romances • hare
heard of.
A new invention tat been attached to the ,
steamship Moeea Taylor. recently ectranneted
at New Tort. It is a valocimeire, or an appa
ratus used for registering the speed cf a renal.
The mechanism consists of a " dreg," which is at
tached to the keel midway of the vessel, playing
forward or backward in a 4%31E1-nal. This drag is
ietlectel from its perper.dtetriar ;coition jest in
proportion to the resistance of the water, which is.
of oonrse. greater or leas as the vassal mares furor
or Blower, and the amount of the defection is reg
istered by a connecting rod on a dial-plate in the
male cabin, which is capable et' recording ai kiwi&
en hour, and 4'O a day. The correct time is given
by,* chronometer. It le claimed, for the relr.ei
metre that it will retard the distance from New
York to Liretrol within a mile, wbereas by e
other process can it be ascertained within fifty
miles.
The Paterson (N. J.) Guardian. advocates,
at length, the immediate construction of a railroad
from that city threegh Little Palls. Boonton.
Powersille, to Dentine, on the M 01 1 .13 road, at
e en:lilted to be of much benefit to the neighbor•
log property, offering the most direct route to
New York, and bringing Paterson eighteen miles
nearer to the coal region than Newark, when the
Morris road shall be extended to Easton, besides
being of general advantage to the trade of Pater
son.
Not inlay wilco from the city of Baton,
there is a young elergymay, who, attar attendizg
to the spiritual welfare of his esagregation on Sun
day, is to be found on Monday. and at intervals
during the week. laboring at the wash-tub In a
laundry, doing the sane work which is expected
of any of the women employed in the establitheneut
The industry of the young mss is doubtless lints-
Me, but it seems to rt/ that he might obtain a more
appropriate avocation. So says the Trarelltr.
The last steamer from Europe brought
letters from the Rev. Mr Prettyman. a eilssica
ary of the Methodist Episcopal Church. residing
at Ehneala, in Bulgaria, in. which that gentleman
thus speaks of the price cf food in that place
Shumla is the cheapest place to lire in we bare
ever been in. A rood aired loaf of bread can be
bought for one and a half cents. a chickeo for five
cents, and eggs for two cents a dozen, do." '
The amount of water now discharged front
the three-inch artesian well, at Charleston. South
I.'arolin3, is twenty-ei g ht goons per minute. , r
Fallon 3 Fen do.Y. It is believed that by the
application of a from pump. this quantity can be
increased to 300,000 gallons, and a committee of
the Beard of Aldermen recommends that the expe
riment Le tried. Meantime a well is now being
bored twelve inches in diameter.
A man name.l Griffith was killed at the
steam SAW mill of Irwin 4 Ilyleman, in Burnside
township, Centre county, Pa., cn the Minn. Ile
woo empl , ved as fireman in the mill, and beesme
entangled in the machinery, and was dreadfully
ern and mangled. One of his let was torn from
his body, and his skull was no badly crushed as to
let a nt a portion of the brain. Be leaves a wife
au l ft ttr children. .
The following is an extract from a letter
sent from , a minister in Illinois : .• Preachers feel
the ,. hard :tines sensibly For taws than tan
months I have not had a cent except what I re
ceived for mart, Ing..and , marriage fees arenot
very large in this .. e g,T n :,
_Messrs. Banks St. 'selleY, associated together
for four Tears pa,tandl , T , lrie , cm?!
t h e c„ t h ow i ng elif
their . har
mony,
e ,
o r e n 1 3 1e , e b opinion''
ate l,ve
a pa vh- r : h •era d h " ic- ux t ed r. Briley re
tiring
A newspaper correspondml hating Lately
visited the Siamese twins, puts 1 . 70 " . '' , 9 ~iP :7 l g que'e
tion : Should Chang, POP of the twins, "-nng the
laws laws by something worthy of death, binbe
be punished and
. ivtree be satisfied, if it • .°D '" not
be without the death of the innocent.
Orlando Hunter has just recovered a ITN!'"
of 57.000 against the Green Bay, Chicago and MN'
waukee Railroad Company, in the Racine
Court, for the devil of his father, who was killed
about two Tears aga by the train running out frou
Chicav, Illin J:9.
A correspondent of the ..1f ancheeer (N. )i.)
ror stys that an Englishman of wealth, wi"l
- any relations in this country, died at New Or
leans a short time since, bequeathing all his pre,
perty, estimated at from $40,000 to ,Sao,oi 3 O, to the
wife of a peunyleas and unemployed mechanic cf
Manchester.
An engineer, named Wilhelm, employed in
the mill of the Ilesars. Shoenherzer, at Allegheny
city, Pa was killed t.n Thoraty last by heirs;
caught in the machinery. lie leases n wife an I
three children.
The New Brunswick (N. J.) Rubber Com
pany hwe deposited in the police station hcuse in
that city, rubber boots and shoes for the travelling
poor we" are destitute or in need of them.
A difficulty took place in Stevensville, Wil
kinson county, Ga., a few days since, between Gen
James B Bostwick and Mr. Allen. The latter was
shot and flied in a few minutes.
It is estimated that the State of Illinois has
produced two hundred and eight million bushels or
grain this season—morn than ten bushels for each
man, woman, and child in the United State.'
A widow lady, named Crow, residing at
Pottsville. Pa., was accidentally killed by a pi-tol
in the bands of William Worm. on Thursday la,t
Thomas Sheridan has been convicted of
murder in the second degreo at Pittsburgh, for kill.
ing Conrad Thieman.
Mr. Benjamin Treat, of SonthriPe, Conn.,
boa lost several cattle I Itely. They were poisoned
by licking the off a newly-painted inrn.
To put a new set of boilers in cne of the
Collins steamers costs about 3110.01. ama this
mast be .lone every six years.
Mr. Daniel Ti. Grooch, of Melrn4e, hat
been elected member of Coneren from Massachu
setts, in place of Governor Banks
On Wednesday last the Gettysburg (Pa.)
railroad was formally opened as far US New Ox
ford.
T. Burr, Jr., Esq.,eilitor of the Wilmington
(N. C.) Herald, died on Tneiday.
The magnetic telegraph line betweenßead
leg and liarriaburg is now in operation.