(
V
FAMOUS MCBDEU CASE.
oelteetlene ef the Crime ef Dr. Weeeter
Taa Meet Remarkable Martfef Cw la
New Knalaad.
A correspondent of the Brooklyn
Eaale revives the storv of a mnrder in
Boston twenty-nine years ago that was
one oi tne most famous cases of the day.
The correspondent says: Except the
mnrder of the child, Mabel Young, in
the Warren avenue Baptist church by
the sexton, Piper, a few years sinoe,
nothing of a criminal and bloody nature
has so stirred the citizens of Boston as
did the mnrder of Dr. George Parkman
by Dr. John W. Webster, on November
29, 1849, at the Massachusetts Medical
Uollege, in North Grove street. Dr.
Parkman wns a wealthy man. who de
voted most of his time to looking after
his property. Dr. Webster was the
Frofessor of Chemistry in the institn
tion, and owed Parkman $470. which
Bum of money the latter called at the
oollege to collect on the day above in
dicated. The last seen of Parkman alive
by any one who knew him, except his
murderer, was when abont two o'clock
in the day he entered a provision store
in the neighborhood of the college and
purohased a few artioles, saying that he
naa an engagement, but would soon
return and himself carry the articles
home. Dr. Webster hail finished his
lecture for the day, and all the medical
eraaents naa left the building when Dr.
Parkman entered it. The latter passed
rapidly to the chemioal room in the rear
of the lecture hall, where he found Dr.
Webster arranging the apparatus that
had been used in his lecture. Parkman
was a hard and grasping man, and Web
Bter was a man of science, poor, but
proud, with a high temper. Webster's
inability to pay a note that Parkman
held led to a quarrel, and the former
struck the latter over the head with a
heavy piece of grape vine and killed
him. Webster then locked the doors.
dragged his victim down stairs, removed
the olothing, and having placed the
body in a sink, deliberately proceeded
to cut it up. The room in which he
worked was a laboratory on the ground
floor, having a fnrnase, into which he
put .f arkman s head and all his clothing
and attempted to burn them up. The
thorax he placed in a tea chest. Some
parts of the body he attached to fish
lines and lowered into a privy vault that
was washed by ttie Ohaifes river. Some
parts of the limbs were never found.
Webster worked several days, and most
oi tne time lor one or two nights in try
ing to cover up all traces of his victim.
The disappearance of Dr. Parkman
was t'ie talk of the town, and his family
issued posters containing a full descrip
tion of his person, together with a large
reward $3,000, if my memory serves
me for his return if alive, or for his
body if dead. As soon as Webster
learned that Parkman had an appoint
ment with some one on the day of his
disappearance, he called on Mrs. Park
man, offered his condolence, ond said he
was tne one with whom the doctor had
an engagement on the unfortunate day.
ne saiu ne naa paia the doctor $470.
who, on receiving the monev. had run
out of the college, seeming to be in great
uaste. search was made in the vicinity
of the college, in many of the tenement
nouses owned by Dr. Farkman. who.
it was feared, had been murdered for
the money he might have had while col
lecting rents. The reward was a large
one, or so considered in those days, and
great efforts were made to gain it. The
earth in the cellars of all Dr. Parkman's
houses was dragged, but the man could
not be found. Reports came that Park-
man had been seen in far away places
ana had been spoken to by those who
knew him; but there was no truth in
these statements.
The crime was traced to Webster in
this way: Dr. Parkman had been seen
the last time alive in the medical college.
This fact, coupled 'with the strange ac
tions of Dr. Webster, led the janitor of
the oollege, LittleQeld by name, to bus
peot that Dr. Parkman had been killed
and his body secreted within the col
lege building. The janitor had always
had the run of the building, but since
the disappearance Dr. Webster had kept
th6 laboratory locked. Littlefield made
np his mind to examine the vanlt above
mentioned, and in order to do so he was
obliged to enter the cellar and dig
through a heavy stone wall. Whenever
Dr. Webster left the building, which
was seldom, Littlefield stationed his
wife at the front window, in order to in
form him of the doctor's return, and
made the best of his opportunities to
penetrate the dense masonry. At last
he made a hole in the wall, and placing
a light in the vault he saw suspended,
by means of fish hooks and lines, parts
of a human body. His suspicions being
confirmed, Littlefield communicated
with the police, and the matter was very
rapidly thereafter worked up. After
the murder Dr. Webster was much of
the time at the oollege, an unusual thing
with him, and Littlefield noticed that a
hot fire was kept in the laboratory fur
nace for several days and nights that he
oould feel the heat in an adjoining passage-way,
by placing his hand on a wall
that was near the furnace.
One evening, after Dr. Webster went
to his home in Cambridge, the labora
tory was opened and during a long
search more of the remains of Dr. Park
man's body were found.
Dr. Webster was arrested in a very
neat way. Two officers in a hack went
to his house at about ten o'clock in the
evening and informed him that friends
of the Parkman family wanted to search
the oollege, but did not want to aot with
out his presenoe. The doctor put on his
boots and said he would go with them
and help in the search. . He then in
formed his family that he was going ont
for a short time, and that he should soon
return; but he never saw his home again.
In the confession that he made in the
last hours of that bloody tragedy Web
ster described the agony of that dread
ful night. As he rode in the carriage
with the two offloers he tried to appear
free and easy in conversation, but he
was nnable to decide whether he was
under arrest or really required for the
purpose indicated. When the carriage
stopped at the Leverett street jail, he
knew it was an arrest. He had made
up his mind that he would die rather
than submit to an arrest. So he had
prepared and placed in his vest pocket a
pill of striohnine containing enough of
the poison to kill five men. As he step
ped out of the carriage he slipped the
pill into his mouth and expected soon to
be a dead man. But his agony of mind
was bo great and his system so wrought
upon by the catastrophe that the poison,
though it caused horrible Buffering, did
not destroy life. Dr. Webster was
brought to trial and the exoitement in
the community was intense. He was a
professor in the medical school of Har
vard University and moved in the very
best sooiety. There was a powerful in
fluence brought to dear him, not only
for his own sake, but for that of his
family, and, most of all, for the honor of
the University. An attempt was made
to fasten suspicion on Littlefield, but
the doctor had entangled himself in
tnany ways, and one link after another
was made at the trial that formed a chain
of evidence which was bo strong that the
viotim oould not escape. With a stick,
in a disguised hand. Dr. Webster wrote
to the police about Dr. Parkman. One
letter stated that Dr. Parkman had been
murdered and thrown off Cambridge
bridge. Dr. Webster had one peculiar
ity about his writing he never closed the
top of his a'B, but made them like the
letter u, and in his letters, trying to
throw the offloers off the scent, he for
got to change the peculiarity of his writ
ing. The defense tried to show that the
body might have been taken from the
dissecting room, but it was fairly defeat
ed at every point. In the ashes of the
furnace the false teeth of Dr. Parkman
were found, and some of his natural
teeth, whioh were identified by p. dentist
wno naa niiea tuem. lastly the fish
hook lines were identified by -the shop
keeper in Dock square, from whom they
Were Purchased. Dr. (Vebstar wna nnn-
victed and suffered the extreme penalty
of the law, that of being hanged by the
neok till he was dead. He had a fine
family, consisting of a wife and several
daughters. At the time of her father's
arrest, one of the young ladieB was about
t.j be married. The family during the
whole penod of the trouble visited the
prison but refrained from reading the
newspapers, and did not know the date
of the execution. The dav rtrecedinir
the one which Webster knew was to be
his last on earth, he bade his family
good by as usual without indicating to
the members of it that he should never
see them again. In this case the bar
barons law punished the innocent more
than the guilty, for shortly after the exe
cution Mrs. Webster and her daughters
left the country, and some years after
died broken hearted. Dr. Webster had
strong men working for his pardon, but
failing to obtain executive clemency, he
maae a iuii confession of the crime.
which course of action established his
guilt beyond question, and decided the
governor to allow the law to do its full
mischief. Such is the record of the'
most remarkably meroenary mnrder ever
reooraea m jxew England annals.
The Heart.
The heart the reservoir of the blood
and the great central organ of the cirou
iniion is a noiiow, muscular organ in
the form of an irregular cone. It is en
closed in a membranous bag, but loose'
ly, so as to allow free motion. Though
forming one musole, there are two dis
tinct hearts, each side being divided
from the other by a wall. It contains
four cavities, each of which holds be'
tween from two to three ounces of blood;
the whole quantity of blood in an adult
man varies from twenty-five to twenty
pounds. The heart contracts 4,000
times in an hour; there consequently
pass through the heart every hour 700
pounds of blood. In other words,
every drop of blood in the system passes
through the heart twenty-eight times in
one nour, or once every two minutes,
The human heart is deemed by poets
and philosophers to be the seat of our
affections and passions; the seat of
moral life and character, of onr under
standing and will, courage and con
science, and by some men looked upon
as the root of life itself.
The human heart has been considered
by many of the dying in past times as a
votive gift peculiarly eacred. And many
instances are on record of the burial of
the heart apart from the place where
tne asnes ot the body might repose.
One of the earliest instances of this
mode of heart-burial is that of Henry
II. of England. . He died in a passion
of grief before the altar of the church of
(Juinon in 1189. His heart was interred
at Fontevrault. but his bodv. from the
nostrils of which tradition alleges blood
to nave dropped on the approach of his
rebellions son Richard, was laid in a
separate vault.
When Richard Cceur de Li on fell be
neath Gourdan's arrow at the siege of
onaiwy, the gallant heart which, in its
greatness and mercy, inspired him to
forgive and even to reward the luckless
archer, was, after his death, preserved
in a casket in the treasury of the cathe
dral which William the Conqueror built
at Rouen; for Richard by a last will
directed that his body should be interred
in Fontevrault, "at the feet of his
father, to testify his sorrow for the un
easiness he had oreated him during his
lifetime." He bequeathed his heart to
Normandy, out of his great love for the
people thereof.
When the bodv of the Emrieror Na
poleon was prepared for interment at
St. Helena, in May, 1821, the heart was
removed by a medical offloer, to be sol-
nered np in a case. Mme. Bertrand. in
her grief and enthusiasm, had made
some vow, or expressed a vehement de
sire to obtain possession of this as a
precious relic, and the doctor, fearing
that some triok might be played him,
and his commission be thereby imper
illed, kept it all night in his own room
in a glass dish. The noise of broken
glass aroused him from a waking dose,
and he started forward, only in time to
resone the heart of the Emperor from a
huge brown rat, which was dragging it
across the floor to its hole. It was res
cued by the doctor, soldered up in a
silver urn, filled with spirits by Sergeant
Abraham Millington of the St. Helena
artillery, and placed in a casket.
Leather.
Leather has a long history. If it is a
too exclusive motto that "there is
nothing like leather," few manufactured
things are older. It was probably the
very first bit of manufacture rude, yet
suited to its purpose, the use of bark
for hardening and preserving skins
having, no doubt, been practiced in
pre-historio times. Even our progenitor
the ancient Briton used a strong
hide thong te throw his stones with, and
was soantily clad in leather antici
pating the odd desire of George Fox,
the founder of Quakerism. Within the
period of authentic history, leather has
been legislated for and protected, and
has often been include! in sumptuary
regulations. It is very odd to read that
in England in the sixteenth century
oomplaints were maJe that skins were
tanned in three weeks, (thus uncon
scionably shortening the period of use
and wont, which had been about one
year,) and that in oonsequenoe an act
was passed in 1048 prohibiting tanners
from selling hides that were not attested
to have been nme months in the tan -pit.
And the jealousy of rival guilds, whioh
did something in old days to secure the
division of labor, if nothing more, is
also seen in the history of leather. In
1439 tanners were prohibited from being
shoe-makers; while in 1562 butchers
were precluded from beooming tanners
under a penalty. Some of the restrict
ions whioh surrounded the leather -manufacture
actually remained until 1830,
when they were completely removed by
an aot of George IV. Free trade in
tanning, then introduced, gave an im
mense impetus to the application and
extension of the . chemical discoveries
whioh had been made by Seguin in
1795, and by Sir Humphry Davy in
im.-Gx4 Word.
A GOLD MISE IS NEW YORK CITY.
What lm California Mlaera Faced la the
Ralaa r a Bar Bed Jewelry Mtere. .
The Apple ton building in Bond street,
then filled with jeweler's wares, was
burned on March 6, 1877. Nearly all of
the immense property in gold and silver
ware and jewelry was a total loss, the
precious metals having been melted in
the flames and Scattered about among
the debris. The estimated loss in the
destruction of gold and silver ware,
watches, and jewelry alone was estimated
at more than $1,000,000. The property
nnd merchandise being heavily insured,
the loss fell heaviest probably upon the
insurance companies. These, therefore,
had the privilege of remunerating them
selves by gleaning from the debris the
precious metals that had been melted.
The first gleanings were an easy mat
ter, and great nuggets of melted gold
and silver were extracted, and a large
sum was realized. But when the nug
gets were all extracted the insuranoe
companies retired, and then the owners
of the building, Messrs Roberts & Apple
ton, overturned all this mass, and sub
jecting it to what theydeemed a thorough
washing, obtained many thousand dol
lars' worth more.
The muoh-washed debris was then
allowed to rest undisturbed until abont
three months ago, when it was deter
mined by other persons to give it another
and more thorough washing than it had
ever undergone before. These persons
were the miners, Peer & Roberts.
Peer began life early as a miner,
spent twenty-seven years in the busi
ness in the Paoifio slope, and has
reduoed mining to suoh a science
that he believes he can extract every
partiole of the precious metals from the
most refractory ores and tailings. One
day Roberts told his partner, Peer, who
had just returned from California, about
the gold mine in Bond street, and of the
many washings it had undergone. The
next day Peer was scraping about and
overturning the remains of the worked
out Bond street gold mine. The oonse
quenoe was a bargain with the owners of
the ruins, in which they agreed to pay
them ten per cent, of their net glean
ings. A gold washer, concentrators, flume
riffles, and a small engine wero quickly
put up, and the miners set to work with
as much energy as if they had made a
rich find" in the gold regions of the
West. None but a close observer would
imagine that the half dozen quiet work
men and noiseless little engine in the
excavation below were the operators and
machinery of a gold mine in full blast.
The habit of secrecy is so gieat with the
old miner that bnt a few people in the
city are aware of what a rich, "find" the
Bond street mine is.
The last cradleful of the debris was
rocking in the washer, and therefore the
miners bad no objection to telling how
much money they had made and the
process of mining. In the first place,
the debris is submitted to a thorough,
washing in flumes. These are long
boxes, twelve inches deep, fourteen
wide, and any length that may be de
sired. There are one hundred feet of
flume used in the Bond street mine.
The water used is pumped in by the
engine and then elevated to the washer,
after which the same water is again con
ducted to the flumes, thus economizing
it and catching the smallest partiole of
the precious metal.
Forty tons per day of the debris were
washed in the flumes, turning out one
ton of concentrations. This in turn was
submitted to the gold washer, and re
daced to base metal, tnrning out throe
hundred to five hundred pounds to the
ton. The base metal was then taken to
the refinery and reduced to fine bars,
980 fine. From the refinery the bars
go to the mint, and are there turned into
bright gold pieces.
"How much have you made in your
two months of city mining ?" was asked.
"We have got about $60,000," Mr.
Roberts said. "Here are $180 in bright
twenty-dollar gold pieces that I have
just drawn, being the proceeds of 234
Eounds of the base metal. We have on
and forty or fifty sacks of the base
metal to go to the refinery. Each sack
weighs one hundred pounds. Besides
there are eight or ten tons of tailings,
old bita of rusted iron with particles of
precious metal sticking to them. These
are to undergo a process of pickling,
and the precious metals separated from
the base. We expect to realize a con
siderable amoant from these."
The expense has not been as much as
anticipated, and the net proceeds are
handsome. New York Sun.
Wealth and Science.
There lived in England, in the last
century, a man of science, named Henry
Cavendish, who was born in 1731, and
,1J 1 oin TT . 1 m
uieu ui ioiu. xie was a gentleman oi
fine cnltivation, an excellent mathema
tician, a profound electrician, and a
most acute and ingenious chemist. He
published many papers, containing re
sults of recondite investigations and the
moBt important discoveries, lie was not
only a great original thinker, but a most
indefatigable and accurate experimenter,
and one of bis main lines of research was
the'ehemioal constitution of the atmos
phere. He made no less than 600
analyses of the air, and it is to him
that we owe our chief knowledge of the
composition of the breathing medium.
Now, there is not an American that will
not oommend all this as most proper and
admirable. But there is another side to
the case. Henry Cavendish was a man
of enormous wealth, for which he cared
absolutely nothing. He was one of the
greatest proprietors of stock in the
Bank of England, and when on one oc
casion his balance had accumulated to
$350,000, and the direotors thinking it
too much capital to lie' unproductive,
asked him if they should not invest it,
he simply replied : "Lay it ont, if you
please." That small portion of his
wealth whioh he could make use of in
his investigations was so used, but he
did not allow the remainder of it to
divert his thoughts in the slightest de
gree from the unremitting prosecution
of his Boientiflo labors. He died worth
$7,000,000, which was an immense Bum
of money at the beginning of this
oentnry, bnt he had not the slighest in
terest in those objects, for whioh wealth
is generally prized. Now, the whole
oase being given, to the eye of the
typical Amerioan, Henry Cavendish will
be regarded as a fool "With all
that money," the representative Ameri
oan would say, "I oould keep a yaout.and
a stud of fast horses, and build a church,
and endow a college, and send a dozen
missionaries to the heathen, and run a
whole political campaign at my own ex
pense ; and you say this odd creature
actually spent his life in the smudge
and stenches of a chemioal laboratory,
puttering witk gases, and worried about
the composition of the air I" Popular
Science Monthly.
" I should just like to see somebody
try to abduct me," said Mrs. Smith at
the breakfast table the other morning.
" Hem I BO fihonld I. mv iW an nVisnM
I," said Mr, Smith, with eioeeUng ear-
THE M00LID OF THE PROPHET.
.
Aa E cetera Ccrrmear, Darlac which
Heree Rider Pace Over the Bedtea
- at Preetrate Dervlehee.
Onr tent was close at hand; we sought
it with the nonohalence of travelers who
rather enjoy breaking the tables of the
law. We were glad of the escape and of
the occasion of it; likewise grateful for
the slight shelter our tent afforded, for
by this time El Ezlekeeyeh Wag shroud
ed in a fine, sifting rain that sparkled in
the sunshine as the golden light shot
through it, Music (plenty of it) grow
ing louder and more loud, and the roar
of 10,000 voioee, swept down upon us,
and then the rush of heralds crying,
" Make way, make way I" and the der
vishes thus announced advanoed to offer
up their bodies to the Doseh. They
hastened up the avenue in groups; each
group was clustered abont a staff decor
ated with holy rags and saints' relics.
All faces were turned toward the relics
the haggard faoes of the dervishes, who
hung together with arms entwined, c m
pact as swarming beci; sacred banners
fluttered down the whole length of a
procession made up of these grouped
dervishes. Not one of the victims
seemed in his right mind; the majority
of them were idiotic. Their swollen
tongues lolled from their mouths; their
heads wagged wearily on the or shoulders;
and their eyes were either e'e'-ed, or
fixed and staring. Many of the n were
naked to the waist, tarbanless, bare
footed, and barelegged to the knee. In
fact, they were of the lowest orders of
the East, impoverishad, fanatical, for
lorn. They hastened to the top of the
avenue, a part of those in each group
running backwaid. When they had
assembled to the number of 400, the
friends who accompanied 'hem separated
each cluster of derv shes, ard began
paving the way with their bodies. They
lay face down in the dust, the arms
crossed under the forehead; they were
ranged shoulder to shoulder, hip to hip,
though the heads were not always turned
in the same direction, but were occasion
ally reversed. Friends gathered at the
head of each of the dervishes, and
with the voluminous breadths of their
garments fanned the prostrate forms
rapidly and incessantly. In truth the der
vishes seemed fainting with hunger and
fatigue, and, as the crowd pressed close
upon them, they would doubtless have
become insensible in a short time but for
the fitful breath afforded by those flap
ping sails. I observed that the majority
of the dervishes lay as still as death;
but there were those who raised their
heads and looked wildly about until
their friends had quieted them, or, as in
some cases, had forced them to lie still,
while the confusion increased, and, the
intense excitement at the lower end of
the avenue announced the approaoh of
the sheik. A few footmen then ran
rapidly over the prostrate bodies, beat
ing small copper drums of a hemispher
ical form, and crying in a loud voice.
" Allah 1" The attendants, as they saw
the sheik's great turban nodding above
the crowd, grew nervous, and some of
them lost all self control; one man
standing close beside me went stark
mad, and three muscular fellows had
some difficulty in dragging him awav
from the spot. He came, the sheik of
the saadeeyeh, swathed in purple and
fine linen, and mounted upon a gray
steed. The bridle was in the hands of
two attendants; two others leaned upon
the hind quarters of the animal to sup
port his unsteady steps. The horse was
shod with large, flat shoes, like plates of
steel, that flashed in the sunshine; he
stepped cautiously and with some hesit
ation upon the bodies, usually placing
his foot upon the hips or thighs of the
dervishes; sometimes the steel-shod hoof
slipped down the ribs of a man, or sank
in between the thighs, for in no case
could it touch the earth, bo closely were
the bodies ranged, side by side. If any
shriek of agony escaped from the lips of
the dervishes I heard it not, for the air
was continually rent with the cry of
"Allah-la-la-la-lah," the rippling prayer,
a breath long, continually reiterated.
The sheik was stupefied with opium, for
he performs this act, much against his
will, in deference to the demands of the
Eeople; he rocked in his saddle until he
ad passed the whole length of that
avenue paved with human flesh, and
then withdrew into a tent prepared for
his reception, where he received the
devoted homage of such as were able to
force their way into his presenoe.
Charles Warren Stoddard, in Atlantic
Monthly.
Curious Bible Facts.
The learned Prince of Grenada, heir
to the Spanish throne, imprisoned by
order of the crown for fear he should
aspire to the throne, was kept in solitary
confinement in the old prison at the
Place of Skulls, Madrid. After thirty
three years in this living tomb death
came to his release, and the following
remarkable researches taken from the
Bible, and marked with an old nail on
the rongh walls of his cell, told how the
brain sought employment through the
weary years:
In the Bible the word Lord is found
1,853 times ; the word Jehovah 6,855
times, and the word Reverend bnt onoe,
and that in the ninth verse of the 111th
Psalm. The eighth verse of the 117th
Psalm is the middle verse of the Bible.
The (ninth verse of the eighth chapter
of Esther is the longest verse; thirty
fifth verse, eleventh chapter of St. John
is the shortest In the 107th Psalm
four verses are alike the eighth, fif
teenth, twenty-first and thirty-first
Each verse of the 136th Psalm ends
alike. No names or words with more
than six syllables are found in the Bible.
The thirty-seventh chapter of Isaiah
and nineteenth chapter of Second Kings
are alike. The word Girl occurs but
onoe in the Bible, and that in the third
chapter ef Joel. There are found in
both books of the Bible 8,050,483 let
ters, 773,693 words, 31,373 verses, 1,179
chapters, and 66 books.
Forms of Address.
Herbert Spencer, in his treatise of
the " Evolution of Ceremonial Govern
ment," gives some interesting illustra
tions of forms of address and modes
practised by various people and nations
of the earth. These he assumes to be
mainly the expression of the relation of
the conquered toward the conqueror.
Thus when the Turkish courtier ad
dresses the Saltan as " Center of the
Universe, your slave's head is at your
feet," or the Siamese who says to his
superior "Lord Benefactor, at whose
feet I am ;" to a Prince, " I, the soles of
your feet ; to a King " I, a dust-grain
at your sacred feet." In Russia, even
in these days, petitions begin with " So
and bo strikes his forehead ("on the
ground") and petitioners are called
" forehead-strikers." In France, as late
as 1877, it was the custom to bay " I kiss
your grace s hands. " I kiss your lord'
ship's feet" Even to-day in "Spain
where orientalisms still obtain it is the
custom on taking leave of a lady, to say
" My lady, I place myself at your feet.
Har reply is, " I kiat your band, tit."
Among the cannibal Tnpis a wajrior
shoflts to his enemy, "May every mis
fortune coma upon thee, my meat"
The captive on approaching, exclaims,
" I, your food, nave come.
In other places only a verbal surren
der of life takes plaoe where the subject
professes to live only by permission of
the superior. This is aptly expressed
in the old Russian sou !
My ionl is God's,
' My land la mine,
Mr bead'i tba Czar's,
Mr back li thine."
When a stranger enters the house of
a Saroelot (inland native) he goes ou'
and says, " White man, my house, my
wife.my children belbng to thee," which,
it may be presumed might be as embar
rassing to an explorer as the Spanish
customs was to A. Ward esq. A sand
wich Islander asked as to the ownership
of a canoe replies " It s mine and
yours," and in Spain where politeness
requires that everything admired by a
stranger should be offered him the cor
rect way of beginning a letter to a friend
is " From this, your house."
Biblical narratives are tilled witn tne
word " Servant " as applied by a Bubject
to a superior and in those times the ser
vants were the captives or prisoners
usually taken in war. This not only
expressed the relation of persons but
also communities and subjects, tribes as
where David addressing Haul describes
himself and his father as Saul's servants.
These expressions of self-abasement
originally made to a Supreme ruler
came to be applied to those of subordin
ate anthority, as when Joseph's brethern
were brought before him in fear spoke
of themselves and of their father as his
servants or slaves. This form of address
also extended to equals where favor was
sought - as witness, Judges XlX-19,
when the Lievite. addressing tne uon-
jamite, soliciting a night's lodging, re
fers to himself and his wife as "thy
servants."
In Hebrew history men are described
as servants of God just as they are
described as servants of the King, and
the parallel between the visible and in
visible Ruler, in suoh expressions as,
The King hath fulfilled the request of
his servant" " The Lord hath redeem
ed his servant Jacob," has a history
parallel to all other elements of religious
ceremonial.
To the victorious Barneses II. his de
feated foes prefaced their prayers for
mercy by the laudatory words : "Prince
guarding thy army, valiant with the
sword, bulwark of his troops in day of
battle, King mighty in strength, great
Sovran, Son powerful in truth, ap
proved of Ra, mighty in victories,
Jtameses amnion."
The King of Siam is addressed by the
glory fying works: " Mighty and August
Lord," " Divine Mercy," " The Master
of Life," " Sovereign of the Earth," etc. ;
and the Sultan as "The Shadow of
God," "Glory of the Universe," etc;
the Emperor of China, "Son of Heaven,"
The Lord of Ten Thousand x ears, "and
but few years since the Czar of Russia
by Bulgarians as "U blessed Czar,
"Blissful Czar," "Orthodox powerful
Czar."
The Frenoh courtiers of the 16th cen
tury used to say, " I am your servant
and the perpetual servant of your
house." And among ourselves in the
past were used such indirect expressions
of servitude as "Yours to command,"
" Ever at your worship s disposing,"
" in all serviceable humbleness," while
in our day, made orally only in irony,
we still adhere in writing to "Your
obedient servant," " Your humble ser
vant," etc., and these generally made
use of where distance is to be maintained
between the parties, and therefore like
too many of our other formalities have
an inverted meaning.
A Dr. George Dutton, of Springfield,
Mass., has arranged with fifty patients
to keep them well at $3 a year each, pro
viding they call for advice at his office.
r . i ai i i i ii
li ne visits mem ne cuarges nan tne
usual fees. This arrangement has existed
two years.
The minute parasite which occasions
the whitish scurf known as "scaly leg"
in poultry may be killed with carbolio
soap-suds, or sulphur and lard applied
as a salve.
President MoMahon is seventy-one
years old. He was born July 13, 1807.
A Healthy Body nnd a Clear Head.
If indigestion, constipation and biliousness
torment the body the head oannot be clear.
These disorders react upon the brain most hurt
fully, and produce a olondineaa in the organ of
thought not experienced by a healthy man.
Happily these brain-oppressing maladies may
be entirely dispelled by that peerless alterative,
Hostetter s Htomach Hitters, wnicn oneers, re
freshes and invigorates the brain and nerves,
while it regulates the organs of digestion, as
similation and bilious secretion. It expels the
morbid humors which poison the system
through the bowels and urinary passages, and
exerts a powerfully invigorating influence as
well. Its oathartio action is never irritating,
violent or painful, bat even, natural and pro
gressive. Aa an appetizer and sleep promoter
the Bitters is unrivalled; it mitigates the in
firmities of age, relieves the ailments peculiar
to the gentler sex, arrests premature decay,
and builds up an enfeebled physique.
Maliirnant and subtle Indeed is the Doison of
Sorofula, and terrible are its ravages in the
system. They may, however, be permanently
stayed and the destructive virus expelled from
the oiroulation with '.Scovill's B ood and Liver
Syrnp, a potent vegetable detergent which
eradicates all skin diseases, leaving no vestige
of them behind. White swelling, salt rheum,
tetter, absoesses, liver complaint, and errup-
tions of every description are invariably con
quered by it. Druggists sell it.
A Fbtemd in Nekd. Grade's Salve is a friend
in deed. Who has not found it suoh in curing
Cute, Burns, Bruises, Scalds, Felons, Boils, and
even the most obstinate old Ulcers, and other
Bores 7 It is a wonderful compound, suited
alike to the skin of the child and of the adult
For UDwards of thirty years Mrs. WINSLOW'B
SOOIHINO BYRUPhas been used for ohildren
with never-failing suooetui. It oorreote acidity
of the stomach, relieves wind oolio, regulates
the bowels, curea dysentery and diarrhoea,
whether arising from teething or other causes.
An old and well-tried remeay. no on. a pubis,
CHEW
The Celebrated
"MaTcaxBsa"
Wood Tag Plug
Tobacoo.
Tn Pioxiia Tobacco CoMrixv,
Maw York, Boston, and Chicago.
We offer no apology for freqneutly calling
attention to Johnson Anodyne Liniment, as it
ia the most valuable remedy that has ever been
produoed. It is a sure cure for diarrhoM, dys
entery ana onoiera uiuruua.
War, famine and pestilence all oombined do
not produoe the evil oonsequenoes to a nation
whioh result from impure blood in onr veins.
Parsons' Purgative Pills make new rich blood
and prevent all manner of disease.
To oleanse and whiten tha teeth, to sweeten
the breath, use Brown's Campnoraiea capon,
oeous Dentifrice. Twenty-five cent a bottle.
IMPORTANT NOTICK.-Farmere, Faml.
It.. nd Others oen parohiM aa rUmdj equal to Dr,
TOBIAS1 VBNKTlAlt LINIMKNT ft th '
OholwDirho. Dysentery, Oroap, Oolioj ud Bha
AiokMU.Ukn inwrnJIj (11 pmImUj &annUi m.
OAJoiompAorinf ,h bottl.) And .iIwdaUj lol
nlSRtEriuB. HAAdAOO, ToothAohti, Ban
R?rVM Harai Painl in LimbA, BauK And Ob.t. Tt
VENETIAN utflMKNTwAAUitroduMd to 1M7, And
Wonders of the Atmosphere.
The atmosphere rises above ns with
its cathedral dome arching towards
heaven, ot which it is the most perfect
synonym and symbol. So massive is it
that when it begins to stir it tosses
about the great ships like playthings,
and sweeps cities and forest like snow
flakes to destruction before it. And yet
it is bo mobile that we have lived for
years in it before we can be persuaded
that it exists at all, and the great bulk
of mankind never realise the truth that
they are bathed in an ocean of air.
Its weight is so enormous that iron
shivers before it like glass, yet a soap
ball sails through it with impunity, and
the tiniest insect waves it aside with its
wings. It ministers lavishly to our
senses. We touch it not yet it touches
us. Its warm south wind brings back
color to the pale face of the invalid ; its
cool west winds refresh the fevered
brow and make the blood mantle to onr
cheeks ; even its north blasts braces
into new vigor the hardened children of
our rugged climate.
The eye is indebted to it for all the
magnificence of sunrise, the brightness
of mid-day, the chastened radienoe of
the morning, and the clouds that cradle
near the setting sun. But for it the
rainbow would want its ."triumphant
arch," and the winds would not Bend the
fleecy messengers on errands aronnd
the heavens ; the cold ether wonld net
shed snow feathers on the earth, nor
would drops of dew gather on the
flowers. Tne kindly rain would never
fall, nor hail, Btorm, nor fog diversify
the face of the sky. Our naked globe
would turn its tanned and unshadowed
forehead to the sun, and one dreary,
monotonous blaze of light and heat daz
zle and burn up all things.
Were there no atmosphere, the eve
ning sun wonld in a moment set, and
without warning plunge the earth into
darkness. But the air keeps in her
hand a fheaf of his rays, and lets them
slip slowly through her fingers, so that
the shadows of evening is gathered by
degrees, and the flowers have time to
bow their heads, and esoh creature in
space to find a place of rest and to nestle
to repose. In the morning the garish
sun would at one bound burst from the
bosom of the night and blaze above the
horizon ; but the tit watches for his
coming, and sends first bnt one little
ray to announce his approaoh, and then
another, and then a handful, and so
gently draws aside the curtain of night
and slowly lets the light fall o the face
oi the sleeping earth, till her eyelids
open, and like man, she goes forth again
to labor till evening.
Palate and Stomach.
If you would have your biscuits, bread, rolls,
oorn-bread, cake in short all articles pre
pared from flonr, thoroughly enjoyable and
digestible, use Dooley's Yeast Powder, which
is not only free from adulteration, but whole
some, and makes food very nutritions. This
Baking Powder ia used by the most eminent
chemists and physicians. Buy it only in cans,
never loose or in bulk.
gAPONIHEffi
li the Old Reliable Concentrated Ly
FOR FAMILY SOAP WAKING.
DtrMtioni aaoomnanrliif aaoh MB for makkc Hard,
Soft And Toilet Soap quickly.
IT IS FULL WEI9BT AND STRENGTH.
Tha market li flooded with o called) Ooneontratftd
Lis, wblch ia adulterated with aalt and rain, and tm'i
mak"0aP' SAVK MONEY, AND BOY TBK
SaponifieR
MADE BY THE
Pennsylvania Salt Manuf g Co.,
PHILADELPHIA.
' 'tt i u.t... t h iQHKa. tor oonan and o'
T7MKMH. Delaware F'nit and Grain Firms at low
JL' pn
pricee. A. P, GRIFFITH, 8MTRSA, Dei..
w
ATOHMAKKRS'Tonh end Materials. Send for
Price Lit, G. E. RMITH 4 CO., 338 B'way. N Y.
89
dny to AarenU to Mil Household Article.
Andreas HnrUcyt l'Pg Marion, Ohio.
ORGANS
tetail price 2SO only ffIA, PIANO'
retail price 5IO onlv "IHft. Greal
birgaina B (CATTY, Washington, N. J
POKT rilRNTRH (N. V.), JTIIT.ITABY
INMTITITTK.-O. WINTHROP STARR, A. M.,
Principal. Limited to 86 hoya. Terms moderate.
CM tn tinnn invented in Wall St. Stocks makes
11J IU dlUUU fortunes every month. Book sent
free nzulaintnor AVArvthins.
Address BAXTRR 400.. Rsnksrs, IT Wall St.
N. Y.
PSL"J0XlrJ
Baa" reiNaassU laiBli frees XKaM ra. Taaea
'la ar fnaaa taoanaiaai, aaal skew a MStie resell
rroaiUBaav ll ra.liknat sad a.r IWav N
araiUair.JBr t (!, at..;, lpUid 4 ) ia
Ct. Pl-i-..pA,IIS.t..)f V,ria. L.L fMlTB
CU.SoU&ta.falM.alll. A Hirers a. u. teste,
CLOCKS
B. I NO HAH A H tV :.,
SapAiior in dntifrn. Not aqaaldd
tn quality, or m timekeeper.
Ask yonr Jeweler for trmir.
Agency 8 Oortlsndt St., N. .
CHAPMAN'S CHOLERA SYRUP
O nres Dysentery, Diarrhoea and Summer Oomplaints
ofOhildnn. Price AOo. GKORGR MOORE. Propria
tor, Great Falls. N. H. Bold by all DrugaU's.
rilTI A Q The ahoieeet In the world Importers
stple article pleases everybody Trftde continually
inoreasinir Affente wanted everywhere beat indaoe
metjfa don't waste time send for Circular to
iwbt WKim,-i;i Vesey Ht., N.Y.. r. U. Box V&l.
HUNT FREE. POSTAGE PAIR.
The Scientific Rkpobtcb. fall of Information of
the utmost importance to Clergymen, Physicians.
Teachers, and all olaanea of readers, especially A cents
and Canvassers. PKABODY CO., Publishers.
g35 Broadway, If ew York.
$1 0 8 $25 W&Jvt&irZ Novelties
Oacalojnie fc Outfit Free application to
J. H. BUFFORO'fl HONS, Mnqfactarin Publishers
141 to 14T Franklin Street, Boston, Maes.
Kwtahlished nearly fifty years.
GRACE'S SALVE.
J OKI STILL. Mioh.. Deo. ST. 1877. iliurt. fbrl'i:
sent you 61) ota. lor two boiee of Grace's Stlre. I
afl two and have used them on an uloer on tn t re"'.
it is almost well. Respectfully yours, O.J.VKh
Prioe 85 eenU a box at all druge-ista, or sent hy mall
on receipt of 35 oents. Prepared by '
ruwi.ft ty wttniw. q Harrison atq.. iw.wu.niM..
Paints Ready for Use
i or t armeri ana laanniaoiurori.
Thttv a rat nnf farm in ahavd. avnrf the ealor can always
b matched. Any one can paint with tbetn. Thev have
vary suiionur uoTerina (jruiwrtuw buu u aiuk, hv
so-called patent paints, contain either wat', bensine
or alkali. These paints are in Liiaid Form, end ate
sold in Gallon Cans and Barrels. They are also pat up
in small cans of one to live pounds. Sand for sample
card feowmffdiffrr,t shades. P. W. DttVOK A CO.,
cor. Fulton and William Bts., New York,
oats
Cures Dyspepsia, Indigestion,
Sour Stomach, Sick Headache.
BOSTON TIB
i,
Sally and! Weekly, Quarto ,
Boaton, Xavsja.
in New Rnaland.
Tne Largest, uneapeat and Best Family News p. p.
Taried tastes end requirements of the boi
fLuiieu wiin epeoiai reierenoe so
til. loreian end
is flirolem.
Weal
natts published promptly.
IallyTri
Vsialy
Daily Transcript,
t"""1- in ad vans.
b eoplee to
one addraaa.1 slT.JtA eev
annum in aavauee.
SEND FOB SAMPLE COPT.
PENSIONS
ARB PAID errtrj soldier disabled la Una
I duty, by Accident or lherwle. A
WOUND of any kind, loa of KIH
UKK.TOK.r KYK, m'PTl'RK,
U but sunlit, or ItlawM) ef LfJHCIst.
BOI! !' Discharge for Wound, Iolar
lea or Jtiipture, gtvea FT LI. MoMtT.
Lost More. OfUetrs' Aeeemnla
and all War Claims eettlrd. UK.
aiXTKU CLAIM RKOmiiD.
gaud as centa for a Copy er Acta
n renaiuna, bounty
NTY ANOll
Iet4sarrri ll
-CO.. ! 'J
KNTATHfi,!
Vw
LAWis i-Aiaa. asaa
fllrraiavra.
wh. v. crMHiiei
U. 8. CLAIM AGTT) sad PATENT
M WW, wt Hilar
(1
A nit tut A vents oanraastn for the frirMiatai
flalftar Terms and On tflt Free. Addreee
f, l. V HJiv w,i w naTqwt--, aWaainO,
Simple), Eaer Profitable).
EVERYBODY HIS OWN PRINTER
(Urid o. rrtr handsome oataloeme. NiTTOKAL Ttts Oo
Philadelphia. Pa. Lnrn" .7rii y".
A FARM Fowa HOME
Secure) It Naw ! 400,000 A ores Seleoted Uad
la Restern Nehraeka, for sale Tory ohaap and on easy
terms. Great Baralns in Isnnravxd Karma. Bena
for the Fmue-'i efcf,a new book with new maps, sent
free everywhere. O. F. DA via, LmttLnnd Vom. C.r.R.R.,
Bwwnws i Ail Wm.m St.. Omaha, neb.
PROF. BOHBBTS .ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF
The War in the East.
or ermfiiet between Rrraail and Ttraaav Is tbe He. book
for He. oeeal.. Has 760 ootaro neae, W enarsTlngs of
Battlb BoBHBi, Fortreeeae.penerale, ere., and is the
only oomplete work published. Haa no nral. Bells at
slant Price 3.(M Terms on.qnslnd. AgmU iViwt.
t&. Address H S. OOOD8PBKU a PP., New York.
mmmmrn
w mo) y;
HOW TO BIT THi la tbs eH earter.sut.
arret fnr For a coor .f lb. Kansas PatlnA Hoaae-
atoad." aaarssa S. 1. Oilmen, Lan Com'r, BaUaa, Kaaeaa
UUEAT I IN ltH K M KNTH Offrred tn Html ere.
How a itotne can d neenren.
TJl) JFIjORMDA MjANMP CO J PA IVY
(Chartered bv the State and Kndorsed by its O (Boers)
Offer the choice of ftOO.OOO Anres looated on the
Transit R. R., whioh eitends from Fern and in a to Oedar
Keys, for tbe vrry Low frier or mi.vo per Acre.
FORTY ACKKM FOR 50. -
IT Im tffr thm Moii-ff q Tm Million Aorta V BttUs
Land (in very county), for thm same low vricm.
Lands hiRh, dry; pest tn tbe Htato. Olimate superb .
and very healthful. Cures Rheumatism, Catarrh and
Lung diseases. Over 2,000 Northern settlers have looat
ed. Oreo ire jrrovws yield a profit of f300 to 11,000 per
Acre, aceordine; to ae of trees. Vegetables, Fruit.
Tobacco, Cotton, Rice, etc., pay largely. Large trtfu
tionmat in tmnnportation. BRAIN Hi RD T. SMITH
ay rarK "w new Yora.
Our Alphabet.
Walla we Mam that ear combined lists of If ewe.
papers offer faetllwee of a thereat hly saperior order to
err alaea af adiertieers, ta.re are eertain artioles and
Uaea of kaslnses walaa eeeea te be especially la need of
serrteea aaaa aa wa are able to afford.
j
ateka kuewa his bnslnees, or asla a
H world-wide repatatloa, by jndlstooa adrertiaiaa- ia
M eat last af papers.
nlVVTOf
U&Mwli eaa btsreese their aorrewsondents and
li add money to tbelr coffers by eountry nswspaper
adranial&c.
CiRSlAGE-MAERS will find that newspaper
adTertisIng ia onr Lists will aot as a new wheel ia
awltlpiyiaa thaii basinets.
MUGGISTS eaa find ae better or cheaper medium
II taea oar Lists for adrertuina any new medioine
" ar
EXGHE BUILDERS eaa Insert a cat ef any new
enaiae or improvement thronga oar aewsnape
UsteatatriAina aoat. -
FARMERS wtshlag te dispose af their farms eaa
ad a aarebaeer by Inserting a abort adrartias.
meal mou Lasts.
rannrrfrna
1'HUbLAlJ dsslreaa ef setlmc etT their sicca or b ast
ir neee eaa Bad a earchascr by edrartlainc la ear
saaaataetatart eaa tntrednee every
acw artlele te the trade, cheaply, by adrertiaiaa
wtthaa.
IMPORTERS eaa Mad their card te Jebbera and
dcAlcte tsweacaaat the West by patronising oar
vnuL'i TOG
Jb ll llllbilll can dlstrlbnts their "Prior
tbe trade by plaeinc aa Advertisement
oi country Denere.
K
PTTTMflmn'
WlUUUflU goods, lamp and lanterns, eaa
rertisea to tne uee-ers eau oonsamen
WsstoralAeta.
T UMBER DEALERS M. ,1
ll cards before tbe eyes of both
M ers by our plan of newspaper
lace their business
dealers and ooneum-
a4vextiaing.
of any new article will find Onr
Lists to be excellent mediums to reach all oon
turners.
II
nnnnv
tiling eaa and fault with oar List, or prices.
who la sane epoa the aaSJect ot adraa
flRGAH,
II Lists
w nssa.
m.wiwawaa wn rimmu .uei ema 1
te pay better the aay ether for their '
PjMP MAKERS mmn kcreV tf taessiHsac te
rtU flrmta thTwiSc" edeertieia.
in ear LUU. ,
y
QUESTIOIS Satire te the east ef aa adrcrslacmeat
In the. separate ar tbe ecmblacd Lute, will ra
"Tf prompt atteekon.
R00FERH-n lahabMaats aeder aaarly every
roof la the Weat eaa be teaeaed by aa "ad" la
ou Lisas.
SCALES , tefe, taw and fewmc sfaehtae aaaaafae
tnrers ptsaalaeoar Lists liberal ly.aad dad at a
fK OosTee sad Spies Dealers eaa
ML&JmArrtAmV"5" u
TTFHOLSTERERS eaa let their wares be kmrwa ta
II ae better way thaa by eeteaatee sad asuemm
advertiauag m eat yifaJsr Lieta.
VevllB
WWB Mssshsata aad Mas DeaJeri leavei
taste spsslslsioc Scar Lasts, aad are happy.
XTLOCRAPHERS aea make a chert eat ta prewaseV
it ess tUla1" ' 01 taetr mswVis
VEAST am
staUaa Powder Bfeaafaetnrers tn.
i aaiea ay ptlraaliiag car plea el adrer.
I crease
tlalaa.
nnTV9
1UU1B ar the aigwact pctat ef saceeca hi mas
eatcrarisec eaa oaiy be attained ki hlliTisltii
libeteTeleaapapat edeermama.
SEALS 1 FOSTER,
GHXEAL AGIHTI,
10 Spruce Street, yew York.
0Z
A
Llts" to rVcsme
in onr list tgmfT
aa be ad- l
ira la oar I
I-