FM
- -
4A161,111ts • N & MILTEHLF.It,
rasrurross LX) PURUnuag,
Itatlioare tired, Wawa fit and Mist
;7 4
it
rums OF PUBLICATION:
;1 / 2
•Tw AND 1111 IV tel pliliallhOit 4414 4
=may afteruo4n; st "00 &Year In advance ;
or 112.50.1 f not paid mid -the year. No sub..
ftriPiletut discontlased man all arrearages
Pabi, Weis at the option of the publishem,
• , :Asiviurrtsmoorrs are Inserted at reasonable
gat4a6. liberal deduction will be made to per
sons.=sing by the quarter, half year, or
- notices will be inserted at Spedhd •
rites, to be agreed upon.
0
"'The circulation of Tlktii avast AIM Atilt*
mu. L one-half larger thou that ever attaistpopy
any newspaper in Adams county; and, as ad
vertising medium, it cannot be excelled.
Jos Wont of all kinds will be promptly eti.
edited, aid it fair rates. liand-bpis, Blanks,
cants, Pamphlets, &c., in every variety and style
' Will be printed at short notice. Terms, Cant.
grolosiatal Cub,
- , ,
leollll.llMin, . lona H. =AVIV
Attorneye . and courymuo r s.
MCCONAUGHY has associatedD• JOHN IL ZIA [MIT, Lg.; In the pancake' of the
law at bit PIS ono door. wait of Ilinutina's Dru
Han, Clisiabosaa rg "tow. g
Special satiation stria Italians, Collections and ileitis.
silent of istatia. ill 1001 Wainer, and clas
to s to 'Par
siosi;Jloanty, Bset - pay,andllasoares against U. Natal,
al all tlniso;prnasptly and *anciently attandod
'Lind warrants located, and choice Variant tor sale, la
Jima snalstkaamaitifs Slake. - - Mart. - 27, f
. .
COVER, ATTORNEY AT
.• LAW, will promptdy attend to collections and all
7 • °that Balinese endrentedlro ble can.
Croce bettieee Yaluteetook and Danner and Zlitgler's
etorst,.B4elinotit ate: imit„Gettymbnrn, A. [May 29,1867.
:DAVID WILLS, ATTOIMEYAT
Lkw,omes et his residence In the South-east cu•
car ofeentre Square.
Relbrenm—Ren.Thaddens Stevens, Lanceeter, Pa.
May an, 1167.
(AVID' A. BUEHLER,' .ATTOR
. NSA
ZAW
.attend
to
e6liecti". andAll°Um butha•ot=h
air.olllce at hle residence In the IhnZt re. building
o poen' the Court Mne. [Gletlyabutig; May 29,1867
LA~M
AGENCY...—,The under
atgned will attand to collection of claims spin ft
the C. 6. Govermnet, including Military Bounities:' Inlet
Pay, Pensions, Forage, teopither in the Court Claims
or before any of the Depart Numb at Washington.
G. WoOltildity,
May 29,1867. A. ttornay at Lair, Gettysburg, Pa .
•
nit. J. W. C. O'NEAL
nu kisollice at him residence In Baltlmors street,
two doors above the Compikr Office.
Gettysburg, May 29, 18d7.
jOniffs , LAWRENOBEVLti, Den
tist,o4sce In Chsinbersbn rg street, one door west of
the Lutheran Church, nearly opposite Dr. R. Horner',
Drtug Storeorkers he laity be fband reedy aid .willing
tq
attend any case within the province of the Dentist,
Persons In want of full lints of teeth ere iuvitq to call.
Xay 21, IN T.
DR. C. W. BENSON.
ErA.B RllBllXib the Practice of Yadkin* in LITTLE&
.1.1. TOWN, and offer& his writes to the public. Odke
at his hones, Corner of Lombard street and Plaradry al.
ley, near the tatiroad. Special attention given to akin
Direasse. • ; [Ltillestown, 78ov. 18, 1867.
gusto s t ads.
JOHN W. TIPTON, FASIIIONA.,
Dug B BRUM, Borth:Mast eerier of th Diamond
next doorto MeOlellan's Hotel,joettyebtul,Ps., where
be can at all time. be found ready to attandto all
new in hie Mae. Fre has skean excellent sseistants•ll
will mare- natiefietion . Give Ito a all.
May 29, 11167.
••
. .
OSCAR D. Mcitt.th.t.W,
SURVEYOR AND CONVEYANCER:
In tenasetiew with the above hp Hat all tlases pre
pare( to attend to the '
WRITING OPDEEDS, BONDS, RELEASES, ART:I
CIES OF AGREEMENT AND CLERK
ING OF HALES.
Plating bed aratliderable pra7.tiee In tits lb**, by striae.
otitteptba to builnese be bopea to 'tit a liberal store
4 of ptibtle patronage. Charges reasonable. Iles
Gettysburg, Pa. • [Jan. 22.14=
•
QURVEYOR AND LICENSED CON-
N..; VEYANCER. The andaraignedi having taken out
a poarepancer's Linens*, will. la adulictlon With the
*Mee of °MINTY SURTZTOB,etteaS to the
WRITING OP DIED& BONDS, AILIASZS,
ARTICLIS OP AGBRIMIWT, CLERKING OP
ISAIAS, SC.
Having bid considerable experience la thli Hee, bebop..
to receives liberal share ot patronage. Batelailea prompt
ly Waned to and charges reiuonabte. Post allot address
/airfield, Adonis Go., Pa. ' J. S.WITLIBROW.
OH 1 YES! OH! YES!
THE undersigned having taken out.
an Anctionnerle - License, offers hie sirrvlces to the
pstolic,and would respectfully inform the public that he
Is prepared toattend promptly to all business in this line,
By strict attention to business helm.s teirender entire
*addiction. 10.. Charges will be very moderate, and sat.
14 4 11 • 11 SitsrantlO4 la all A
RAM AtBERT,
Oimunpring.-Tork Ce. Pa.
May 29, 1867.—tf,
NOTICE.
IWILL be in sett but with Fleur. Ac. every every WOW.
DAY and FRIDAY is each week. Pero&As who may
desire me to furnish them with either Flour er Peottataff,
will leave their orders, either with John Orimisr or Dan
ner & Zeigler, !gating the kind and InsatiVated,
when the same will be delivered at their &eel by
800.25, 1867 . .-tf GEORGIC 0 Zi.L.
NOTICE.
THE subscriber has now thoroughly
rivadred his ORM AND SAW MILLS, known as
"McELHENNY'S MILL' on Marsh creak, and ivpaper
ed to do GRINDING AND SAWING of writ" kind at
abort batten. He Solicit' tba patroller' of the nelithbor
hood, and Win vaniatea satlsliction. alas or a all:
Jana12,18117.4t ' GDORGN GINGDLL,
fatiutt waking.
TO THE PUBLIC.
THE undersigned take this me th od
ionhforming the public that they still carry on the
Cabinet-making Busirkess
7
In all Its yariedbninwhea; and that thoy now hal* on
hands larxelmortemat of
BUREAUS; BEDSTEADS,
Tables, Corner Cupboards, Safes Oinks,
Stands, Dressing Bureaus, Chairs,
of different kinds ; in short
every thing in the Cabi
net-making line.
ALSO, READY-MADE COFFINS, AND
COFFINS MADE TO ORDER.
All of which will be lie t ished promptly.* the old stead
on &oath Balthnturwatrme. apposite Winehtennees Taw
=oooTtor nodereigned Miriam had ever SO years ex-
In the boalaem, Intim themselves that they
out make as good works@ any others, If not better. New
beghanan smother/ will find it be their adreittagirte
call Mal bay from as, aa we are determined to sell an hew
se peasibie,to suit the tier
Dee. IS, 1U7.-{m
FURNITITRE.
SIIEAFFJ & BECKER
PEII6O . MUM, (Y. 8.,) PENILL ,
Are prepared to offer to th•Pittrlio, anything In their line
as chop as can be bad In the county.
will do well to all 4nd =Amino our
stook beets buyiag einstant.
" FURNITURE
sails to ardor. lidos Wag dose neat, &sap sod wfth
"r Pao. ze, isea.-tr
•4 0 / 1116 1• •
GETTYBBRG FOUNDRY
111Iwhieriber woehl Wont hisenstown mid pairs
t be a.au asimailactaling Wads ot.Cles
thosivaimkilllactittamomatle to ordWati witleemieh
T&sliers and . Powers
cnoverwed Kailas ° sad
Oon Malin giat lagersters,Ooralbadir out ,
ianvir, - lila lay mums, Proailts, flak ao too
plosoikiyargaar liesaglu4 814•41/1 and Clot! Pkorglui;
•
Wire-syrim H_prse Rake s ,
y .
h•-imist takpoesmist: ski WOW gen *or did,:
Proses, Ira. Rallis; kr 0411110611 i le or grass, with
oyorythlat oleo dr kis Ilso, an at looloriabo.
jPOIC
rl aair. lIALS—A light ? variant WilD AMSaamTh, a ' Osi4terse
wCpa
JOB PRINTING
f
" • •7 mar sascipmj!
NieukTLY A.ND 01:11APLY
jigAncro
AT TRU OT)UM
GARLACH k MAXIM,
T 3 TE: 3 Air 11 - 41 FET* CO- 18
SEWING MACHINES,
•
Tii •
699 :BROADWAY, 'Nzer YORK. • 1
ere World-renowned Sewing 'Bta
teigor.r.r._-.10 , the HIJT ittentsim at the
ortei fir , in Los~and , six t Prowthwas Albs
N. T. State Pair of 1866, and are oe ebrated for doing
the best work, luting a much mallow needle kr the
mustethreed than as 'other machine, and by the intro
duction of the mod approved .maahlamy, we are new
able to supply the Very best machines In the world. •
These maiddn *remade at (Krakow and spectene. • . no
-my at *May u gler the harisidiate • super
Ma at the Pei/Went of the Company, ELMS nowa,
r,, the original investor of the Sewing Machine.
They are adapted Is aU 'kinds of Tuallar ats, witutd ,
to the use ofiltionnuosies, Dress Makers,
lawmen of Shirt, Oolima t Skirls, Cloaks, llantUhdi,
Clothing, Hats, Caps, Corsets. Boots, Moos. Hamm, .
daddies, Line.(leak, Umberdias, rarasels,'etc. They
work ell upon silk, Gotten or woolen
goals th cotton or Baia l
threadinen,. May win allia•
quilt, gather, hem, MI, cord, braid, bind sad loodDirs
:ga,„lnrc.cibocial'a,Thf ma k ing bar's" Pulgmi ,
ed.
The Stitch invented by Mr. HOMO, and wade as this
Machine, is the mat popular and durable, and all dew
ing Mathias are INDOd to the principle iaatated by
him. Send kr Circular*. ,
Jake' telt a Ug A r staMti ". j a
85i7„1 4 f I.
'March 1 9;111111,—ly No. - 922 Want In, Pills
ISE W - 4 /4kileA Oki lc Es 1
THE Gittontic.v.i3A.K.E.t.
Taviamr.lN tip.. r ni. # Idsibitinil Jim itediat
so wad icadatti Whist nista need basalt by Wily of main.
'iessiatim They lave takes the first premien at all
the late State Pains. and aro aitiveassity,aslntsniadied
tabu the 111111 T fa use by all who have tried thaw lib , •
!. 1 ems, & NOW Stiglii i 4rariire
passeWatt' i=tas Gat sew aad
. flees liasidase iarestile r
nee. Tbayareshaaa emotes franc:
.
~ . - tisb,Hft oad are simp i t s Heir
imas7l47 .-- ...".".. abatlet totY ehild ".7 . Dewy " il a r ailn s a
sea. flispasecitteer thcpseectiar,
lad
suiand appointed Agent its the
shove has 1 41 41/007 Al /41.6114
SAIWIWOW4I 4 IVI will
_OWN lave so hand 4 supply.
I=rmic.. H . ! i rn issessa s WalttklilOldlitifor
161.3liasdhea *Mitres! willaht : '
44• 11 0 11 W 44 MP" - .-e4rf rai N s lt
-•-
. .. . ...
. • -••---- , - - - ~- ,k ,- ; •, r ,-.- , '; • i _ . --- - . ' 2:1.4...1..÷-',.-..t.' " : 114°"8111 " 1111111 " 01 0 1 1 1, 1 1 1.1tadillItUhmate..4.-• •
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Tt.,.. Itlif i • 17`:: , ,,':;.1.:.;;;_. -- ! . , , .
; 4,1 : , ...,:•:r - ;.--•, , ,-. , -:- : • -,-',-. -', -.' 1 \' 7:1:1 ----- \, to )- .
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'
4.4. LXVIII. ND. - 16 7 . ',:-.' ~. ;' - GP. T TVCIITTD•C± t, A 1•77-r,‘,....,-.-'.-__ __ •
I.7fit''
I I, ?
(I,l' .
j ..• . 4
vo
"t t'.: ; drat F r
Holiffaitdi titterg
AzTR
trOOPLAND'S CIEIthIAN TONIC.
•
The Great lieirtediee for all Dimwit at um
sfokyi eft, 'OR DIG.RSTIVE
ORGANS.
Hoofland's Oerman titters
Is command or the intrejuiras (or , as they Molina's'.
gaily termed, or
of Roots, 114ba, and Eat* soa
king a poinarrtlem highly concentrated, and nothrely
fres/row taaokiiii * gintsirs of rift kind.
ROOFLA.ND'S GERI4ADTTONIG',
Jo anamblaitien of a the ' l ts the Ditties with
tie iiiriaditat '
purest quality of &mkt r Run, Oranp Abs., our
king one of the most yam* owl agr..ble • soloodbro‘
ever offered to the public. ,
Those a Medicine tow from A losholis admin.
Mir 00 •14 1 •1 0. •T .` • • .
. ROOPLAND'S GERMAN BITTERS.
Those who have no objection to the combination of the
Hitt .% "e•t•Pilli 11 .4 1 la ge
•
HOOFILAND'S GERMAN TONIC.
They aribotli equally good, and contain the man
medicinal virtues, the choke Between, the. two being •
time batter oftaate, the 'rook being themoet palatable.
714 stomach, hums miof camel, as Indiges
time,Dispepeia. Nervous Debility ,
etc.. fs very Apt In
have its functions deranged. The Lim. -sylOpeAhdag
as cloiely • r it does with the Skulimll, then beoollies
Bated. therein:lt of which Is that tbepaltigit anifire Bus:
several or more of the following diseases :
Conetipetioliaattilenta,SnararfPiletlifsea of Bklod
td thoi Wadi Achill, if "tlie fit , Luse%
Heart-burn , Disgust for load. aloes' I
or Weiht in the Stomach, Sour
Sinkinz
' . .or Plekterfa Eructatig
at ons,
the Pft °fibs
Stomach, Swirl - Me - log of the Head, Bar.
ried or Difilcult Breathing, Fluttering at the
heart, Choking or Snaocathig 414rmatkun when in •
Lying Posture , 'Disnneas of Vision, Dots or
Webs before the Bight, Ball Pain in the
Bead, Deficiency of Perspire
lion. Yellowness of the
Skinand Ilya, Plain in the Side,
Back, Chest, Limbs, etc., Sudden Flushes
of Heat, Hunting in the Plash, Constant Jen
"lo.Dfrolß, pfL mho, And: West Depriiikof of Spirits.
The sufferer from these diseases should exercise tali
greeted caution in the selection of a remedy for his
umneamrchnnatoely thatishlib is aemtred from his
investigetkm and Inquiries possesses true ,matit, is
skilfully compounded, k free from foJerfoesltlivedlents.
and has established for Itself. reputation for the cure
of thews diereses, In this connection we would submit
thaw' iseihknoini remedies—
ROOELAND'SGERMAN BITTERS,
AND
HOOFLAND'S GERMAN TONIC
ilissuieSD J'ACIfiON;. i.
PHILADELPIEIIk
TWiltsktprms rare ilicsilkey Were first Introduced Ain
P:k this ouentrY frank Germany, daring whkh time they
same walenb asn = perforapanmete Mk end benefited
kuMiri yet) a greater extent,' than any other
remedies known to thepublic.
Mbetkrentediewwill.rdactnally cunt Liver !shit,
JJaundice,. Dfispeptia, Chroek GeaToull Detaity
Dkr Vin i selS° ar the 'K 14 4 4 0 1 4 and all Meeks
arising a Naordereit /leer. litmus* or Intestines.
DEMLITY,
_ • •
an
Beau!tips fr om y, Value. whatever;
.
PROSTRATION OF TIIR SYSTEM;
tidieed bilAavere tabor, Hard
. „ships, F4poeure,.Fevexa, etc.
Mire* neletedidne extant:toll to th remedka
in each cam; A Mnisliod rigor is Imparted to the whole
system; the appetite leafrengthinal, food le enjoyed. the
etemach digests peotantly, the blood the com
plexion benseeeen end healthy, the - elkm tinge le
eradiated from Miro* a bloom le given to the cheeks,
and the weak and nervime,lerralid taxman a Strong and
healthy being._,
PERSONS ADVANCED IN LIFE,:
And feeling the . hand of time weighing heavily upon
Um% stub ail its einstailint ills, wilt dad •be the use e.
this MTN", eir th e TONlC;an'elitir that will instil
new life into their 'tine, restate hi a comentre the amp
and ardor of mom youthful days, hada up, their shrunk
en farms, sat give health and happftemito their remain
log pan.
I NerileL ...
It is a wellostablhdiedhct UM; fall,. OM-WI oi the
ifekak. isortian 4Ourpnheldwoare maim is tl n l k ez
lament of gooda ;""lor, Wane ibideoins imp
"never feel well." They ere laoauld , devoid ogsij alms'
gy, extremely nervous, sad hove no appellee.
W ill espeoftitrvigram"""ear ituNsan
WEAK AND DELICATE CHILDRE'N
An wade strong by the mewl either wiNtliamteeinedien.
They will cure every case of MASAN/US, withal& AM.
Thousands of oertfikats have aesimenimad fin the
hands of the proprietor, bat scam will e/km of the rib
&Mimi of but a km. Those, it will be oboarrld, are
men of nots and of such standing that they mai!, be be.
!laved.
TESTIMONIALS:
HON. GEO. W. WOODWARD,
Ghief Justia of the Msprass therri. W diasek., mites:
Philadelphia, March 46, /48111.
"I And Heolland's German Bitters' is a gooddmilc,
neeftt in diseases of the digestive orypsus, and oil great
beneAt ie cases of debility, and want of nervous leaks
la the systmn. Yours, truly,
• • GEO. W. WOODWARD."
HON. JAMES THOMPSON,
Judge of the firpreato 4140411/ linanayhassia. •r_
Philadelphia, April 28,!:1 4.
"I aikido Hoolland's German Bitters' a r
maticine la ease bf attacks of Indigestion or Dyspepsia,
I an certify this f am My experience of it.
Yours, witiar
• • " 'JAHBB THOMPSON."
.•
FROM RSV. JOSEPH H. EZEHARD, D. D.,
Rader qf Llas Tinth Baptist Church, Pkiladdphia v
„ckrim,...„Mmr hOill fill/0110V l'Or•
tO letttitOtirMy imam- wfth Mimminendatkuis
Zlikn7,t kinds of medkines, but regarding the' practical
as oat of my appropriateaphare, I have owe de.
JiVaildit tut mkka *her proof in arks' ketatiesi and
particularly In my own finally, of the usefulness of Dr.
Saraband's Gannon Bittern I depart for owe frill my
Tama Oman., to miLimp.p "wadi cowrictiostiaskor gar
eral debility Vac triages; mad apeciadipAr HAW Om&
Ptak; 4is a safe mod valuable pravaraion. In mete
cam it may fau asaally, I Ameba sot, it will be vary
beneficial to those who suffer from thorabove alum
yoursortary reepectfally, .
• J. #l. - RENEARD,
Eighth, below Coates st.
Mane Rtr. E. YENDALL,
-Assistant Sdaor O7trtitiBai C e . Phirsdr4hia.
I have derived headed benefit from the ass of Hoag
land's Osman Rittsam and feel it myyarkAfge to mend them them as a stratahistds took, nilmboare suf
fering from general debility or from diseuerarbkg from
derangement of the liver. • Your. truly, • -
• • A. D.'PENDALL
13IMIUMEI
tAtrritiN..
Hootbutd'e - R•Oitedieg are ' counterfeited. See
that the ahrnatvPi of C.•II.IACESON Os on the wrapper
of each bottle. .ell adios are iounterkilt.
Principald Illearlikowry at the Gorman Medi
cine/tore, 114i.-EMARea stoat, 'Philadelphia, Pa.
, .
. MARL= M. EVANS, Proprietor,
• Ferranti, eat. JACKSON EDO.
. ,
' .
...
' • .
IlooLlead's Gar . en Billet.", mbottle, - $1 00
Threllead's Gera anTleo palmy to quirt bottles, $1 :
,per bottle, or abalf dolma foe 67 60. ' • •
Allii-Dtimat forget to auk well the ectiele yew bey,
in enter to pt . tbegeawies. • • Van. le, 1100114 y
— Sae tale by all Dragging' eel deelerein siedielaes.
)I;tuthig ylatitinto.
the ,tax and cfftittinti.
REMNSTRUCTION.
GREAT SPEECH OF
IiON. O. P. MORTON,
OF INDLiNA.
In the U. S. Senate, January 24, 1868, on
the Constitutionality of the Reconstruc
tion Acts.
-
Mr. PRESIDENT : If I had not been er
fr.rred to my honorable friend from Wisconsin
(*. Illeozems) in the debate yesterday I
should-snot desire to speak on this question,
especially at this time. I fear that Ishall not
beer the strengaito say what I wish to.
THE *MC LEITOLVED.
The issue here to-day is the same which
prevails throughout the country, which will
be the lime of this canvass, and perhaps for
yeanito come. To repeat what I have had
occasion to say elsewhere, it is between two
paramount ideas, each struggling for the su
premacy. Ole 4 that , the war to suppress
the rebellion vu-right and jest on our part ;
that the rebels forfeited their civil and politi
cal rights,- and our only be restored to them
:rip= such conditions as the nation may pre
, Scribe tar its future safety and prosperity.—
The other idea is, that the rebellion was not
sinful, but was right ; that those engaged in it
forfeited no rights, civil or political, and have
a right to take charge of their State govern..
ments and be restored to their representation
in Congress just as if there had been no re
bellion and nothing had occurred. The ins.
mediate bane before the Senate now is be
tween the existing. State government' estab
lished tinder the policy of the President of the
United States in the rebel States,and the plan
of reconstruction presented by Congress.
STATUS Or CLOSE REBEL STATES AT THE WAIL
When a surveyor first enters a new territory
he endeavors to ascertain the exact latitude
and longitude of a given spot, and from that
can safely begin his survey ; and so I will en
deavor to ascertain a proposition in this de
bate upon which both parties are agreed, and
start from that proposition. That' proposition
is, that at the end of the war, in the spring of
1865, the rebel States were without State gov
ernments of any kind. The loyal State gov
ernments existing at the beginning of the war
had been overturned by the rebels ; the rebel
State governments erected during the war had
been overturned by our armies, and at the end
of the war there were no governments of any
kind existing in those States. This fact was
recognized distinctly by the President of the
United Stater in his proclamation under
which the work of reconstruction was com
menced in North Carolina in 1885, to which I
beg leave to refer. The others were mere
copies of this proclamation. In that prods
maker he says :
And whereas the rebellion, which has been
waged by a portion of the people of the Uni
ted States against the properly comitituted au
thorities of the Government thereof; in the
most violent and revolting form, but whose
organised and armed forces have now been al
umo
Northst entirely overcome, has in its revolution
or l delutred the people of the Carolina of all civil goverment State
Here the President mast be allowed to
speak for his party, and I shall accept this as
~..,,,,.....„„...,r- 1 - o rr - pan Slam :
that at the end of the war there were no gov
ernments of any kind existing in those States.
THE OVESTITIMONAL PEOVISION Al TO Beene-
LIOAN PORN Or GOVICSWICENT.
The fourth section of the berth article of
the Constitution declares that "the United
States shall guarantee to every State in this
Union a republican form of government"—
This - provision contains a vast, undefined
power that hes never yet been ascertained—a
great stipervisory power given to the United
States to enable them to keep the States in
their orbits, to preserve theta from anarchy,
revolution, and rebellion. The measure of
power thus conferred noon the Government
of the United States can only be determined
by that which is requisite to guarantee or
maintains in each State a legal and republican
1 .
form of government Whatever power, there
, fore, may be necessary to enable the Govern
ment of the United States thus to maintain
hi each State a
,republican form of govern
, meat is conveyed by this provision.
Now, liir. President, when the war *faded
4ind these States were found without , govern-
Meets of any kind, the jurisdiction of the
Unititifißater, under this provision of the Con
' stitution, at once attached; the power to re
orgenize State governments, to use the com
mon word, to reconstruct, to maintain and
guarantee republic= State governments in
- those States at once attached under this pro
vision. Upon this proposition there is also a
concurrence of the two parties. The Presi
dent has distinctly recognized the application
of this clause of the Constitution. He has
recognized tim fact that its jurisdiction at
taelitel when those States were found without
republic= State governments, and he himself
claimed to act under this clause of the Consti
tution. I will read the preamble of the Pres
ident's preclamadon :
Whereas the fourth section of the fourth
article of the Constitution of the United
States declares that the United , States shall
guarantee to every State in the Union a re
publican form of government, and shall pro
tect each of them against invasion and do
mestic violence; and whereas the President
of the United States is by . the Constitution
made Commander-in-Chief of the Army and
Navy, as well as chief civil executive officer
of the United. States, and is bound by solemn
oath faithful to execute the office of Presi
dent of the United States, and to take care
that the laws be faithfully executed ; and
whereas the rebellion which has been waged
by a portion of the people of the United States
spinet the properly constituted authorities of
the Government thereof in the most violent
and revolting hom, but whose organized and
armed threes have now been almost entirely
overcome, has, in its revolutionary progress,
deprived the people of the State of North
Carolina of all n
civil government ; and where
as b and to aim
out and enforce theobligations pro
o per f the people
of the United States to the people of North
Carolina in securing them in the enjoyment
of a repubncan firm of government.
I read this, Mr. President, for the purpose
of showing that the President of the United
Stator, lithispelicy of reconstruction, started
out with a distinct receignitionof the applica
bility of this clines of the Constitution, and
that be hared` his system of resonstruction
upesi it. It is true that he recites in this pro
clamation that he is the Commander-in-chief
ef the army of . the United States ; but st the
same• time-he puts his plan of reconstruction
not upon the exerOlse of the military power
Which is called to Its aid, 'kites the execution
of 1
thesusran ty prodded by the ulause of the
Mien to which I have swam& H e ;
snob* iii ChseenserAie Meth' Oirolina and
*ribose other Ohs* *dike being idyll in
its ,'but afiliary in its abets. This
GatitracSr has thiptowier er oae.of tho dis
trict commandos, and, in •thet, thr greater
power thme imisthrild ulttmagmerill'ope
orthmenliftherblisfrot ant grail is com
stp.dtf rialltilati Ibrithilhrthirlgovided
-Oat the adlitulooVitilt:iirt st/it
gitZi g aol
k - saisioec'ald=ht Un
said auvarnor in carrying into Ef
fect rocismadon.
e ,;_
TaD3 GIIARABTT A LICRIMATITI ACT.
We are then agreed upon the second propo
sition, that the power of the United States to
reconstruct and guarantee republican forms of
government at once applied when these States
were found in the condition in which they
were at the end of the war. Then, sir, being
agreed upon these two propositions, we are
brought to the question uto the proper form
exercising thlfpower and by whom Italian
be exercised. The - Constitution says that "the
United States shall guanintee to evaryState in
this Union a republican form of government."
By the phrase "United States" here is meant
the Government of the United States. The
linked States can only act through the Gov
ernment, and the clause wonidmean precisely
the same thing if it read "the Government of
the United States shall guarantee to every
State in this Union a republican form of gov
ernment."
Then, as the Government of the United
States is to execute this guaranty, the ques
tion arises, what constitutes the Govenktnent
of the United States ? The President does
no tconatitute the Government; the Congrem
does not constitute the Government; the ju
diciary does not constitute the Government;
but all three together constitute the Govern
meat ; and as this guaranty is to be executed
by the Government of the United States, it
follows necessarily that it must be a leglida.
tive act. The President could. not assume
that he wits the United States within the
meaning of that provision, without assuming
that he was the Government of the United
StateA. Congress could not of itself assume
to execute the guaranty without assuming
that it was the Government of the United
States; nor could the judiciary without a like
assumption. The act must be the act of the
Government, and therefore it must be a legis
lative act, a law passed by Congress, submit
ted to the President for his approval, and per
haps, in a proper case, subject to be reviewed
by the judiciary.
Mr. President, that this is necessarily the
case from the simple reading of the Constitu
tion seems to me cannot be for a moment de
nied. The President, in assuming to execute
this guaranty himself, is assuming to be the
Government of the United States, which he
clearly is not, but only one of its co-ordinate
branches ; and, therefore, as this guaranty
must be a legislative act, it follows that the at
tempt on the part of the President to execute
the guaranty was without authority, and that
the guaranty can only be executed in the form
of a law, first to be passed by Congress and
then to be submitted to the President for his
approval; and if he does not approve it, than
to be passed over his head by a majority of
two-thirds in each House. That law, then,
becomes the execution of the guaranty and is
the act of the Government of the United
States.
THY. POUR TO DZTERILINI TESTS IN OONOUSI.
Mr. President, this is not an open question.
I send to the Secretary and ask him to read a
part of the decision of the Supreme Court of
the United States in the case of Luther vs.
Borden, as reported in 7 Howard.
The Secretary read as follows
Moreover, the Constitution of the United
State, as far as it has provided for an emer
gency of this kind,and authorized the General
Government to interfere in the domestic' am
ong ft it fil l tubt , trea t e d Gw yn , p( uAii i&m .
the hands of that department.
The fourth section of the fourth article of
the Constitution of the United States provides
that the United States shall guarantee to ev
ery State in the Union a republican form of
government, and shall protect each of them
against invasions, and, upon the aptilication
of the Legislature or of the Rxecutive,(when
the Legislature cannot be convened,) against
domestic violence.
Under this article of the Constitution it
rests with Congress to decide what govern
ment is the establised one in a State. For, as
the United States guarantees to each State a
republican government, Congress must nec
essarily decide what evatament is establiah
ed in the State before it can determine wheth
er it Is republican or not. And when the
Senators and Representative of a State are
admitted into the councils of the Union, the
authority of the government under which they
are appointed, as well as its republican cher
acter, is recognized by the proper constitu
tional authority. • And its decision is binding
upon every other department of the Govern
ment, and clink' not be questioned in a judi
cial tribtmal. It is true that the contest in
this case did not last long enough to bring the
matter to this issue; and as no Senators or
Representatives were elected under the au
thority of the Government of which Mr.
Dorr was the head, Congress was not called
upon to decide the controversy. Yet the
nght to decide is placed there, and not in the
courts.
MR. MORTON. In this opinion of the
Supreme Court of the United States, deliver.
ed many years ago, the right to execute the
guaranty provided for in this clause of the
Constitution, is placed in Congrees and no
where else, and therefore the necessary read
ing of the Constitution is confirmed by the
highest judicial authority which we have.
MR. JOHNSON. Do yos read from the
opinion delivered by the ChiefJusticef
MR. MORTON. Yes, air ; the opinion
delivered by Chief Justice Taney. He de
cides that this power is not judicial ; that it is
one of the high powers conferred upon Con
gress; that it is not subject to be reviewed by
the Supreme Court, because it Is political in
its nature. It is a distinct enunciation of the
doctrine that this guaranty' is not to be exe
cuted by the President or by the Supreme
Court, but by the Congress of the United
States, in the form of a law to be pasted by ,
that body and to be submitted to the Presi
dent for his approval ; and should he disap
prove it, it may become a law by being pas
sed by a two-thirds majority over his head.
Now I will call the attention of my friend
from Wisconsin to some other authority.
As he has been pleased to refer to a Ammer
speech of mine to show that I am not quite con
sistent, I will refer to avote given by him in
1864 on a very important prevision. On the
Ist of July, 1864, the Senate having under
consideration, as in Committee of the. Whole,
"a bill to guarantee to certain States whose
governments have been usurped or over
thrown' a republican form of government,"
Mr. Brown, of Missouri, offered an amend-
Merit to strike out all of the bill after the
enacting clause and to insert a subetittite,
which I will ask the Secretary te rad.
The Secretary read as follows : '
That when the inhabitants of any State
swehmt
have been declared ins State of insurrection
the United States by proolmostion
the President, by force and virtue of the act
entitled "An act farther to provide for the
collection of duties on imparts, issd-hr Ober
purposes," app hererobyved Julyl to B, 1881, they shall
be, and are &mimed be,
of*haft any vote for electors of
or Vice rred of the United States, or of
electing Senatens . ec ftlin t k it m
Bier* until said ht Con
imomo. in add State is
eoPlremed or abandoned *ad said inhabitants
have returned te their obedience to the Gov
erment of the United States, and until , each
return to °beams shall be declared ley proo-
Lamtion of the Primmeas, boned by "'kW , at
an act of Congress
ng hereafter to be Pallead,
thorhd the MUM -
MR. NOIMON. The honorable Senator .
from Wisconsin voted far that dosernitme
of the Whole and on its final paliw . I een
attention to the conclusion of* smondennet, t
which *Clone that slow era
Incapa 9r
ble
90
of en vote for deft= of
rrtteldefit 71 Of
0
Stain or of electing Senators or Representii
tires in Cou Do dd insurrection in
said State is abandoned, and end
inhabitants have returned to their obedience
to the Government of the United States, and
Until such return and obedience shall be de
declared by proclamation of the President,
issued by Of an act of Congress here
after to in passed, authorizing the same.
Recognizing that a state of war shall be re
studied as continuing until It shall be declared
no longer to exist by the President, in virtue
of an act of Congress to be hereafter paned.
lam glad to find by looking at the vote that
the distinguished Senator from Maryland (Mr.
Johnson) voted fisr this proposition, and thus
recognize:lth* doctrine far which lam now
contending: that the power to execute the
guaranty is vested in Congress alone, and
that it is for Congress *Lone to determine the
the status and condition of those States, and
that the President has no power to proclaim
peace or to declare the political condition of
those States until be shall first have been
thereunto authorized by an act of Congress.
run= or INS rOwSR.
I therefore, Mr. President, take the proposi
tioa as conclusivelrestablhind, both by na
iad and authority, that this clause of the Con
stitution can be executed only by Congress ;
and taking that as established, I now proceed
to consider whet are the powers of .Congress
in the execution of the guaranty, how it shall
be executed, and what means may be employ
ed for that purpose. • The Constitution does
not define the means. It don not say how
the guaranty shall be executed. All that is
left to the determination of Congress. As to
the particular character of the means that
must be employed, that, I take it, will depend
upon the peculiar circumstances of each c a se ;
and the extant of the power will depend upon
the other question as to what may be required
for the purpose of maintaining or guarantee
ing a loyal republican form of government in
each State. I use the word "loyal," although
it is not used in the Constitution, because loy
alty is an inhering qualification, not only in
regard to persons who are to fill public offices,
but in regard to State governments, and we
have no right to recognize a State government
that is not loyal to the government of the
United States. Now, sir, as to ate use of
means that are not prescribed in the Constitu
tion, I call the attention of the Senate to the
eighteenth clause of section eight of the first .
article of the Constitution of the United States,
which declares that :
The Congress shall have power to make all
laws which shall be necessary and proper for
carryinginto execution the forwing powers
and all other powers vested by this Constitu
tion in the government of the United States
or any department or officer-thereof
Hens is a declaration of what would other
.wise be a general principle anyhow : that
Congress shall have the power to pass all laws
o necessary to carry into execution all powers
that are vested in the Government under the
I Constitution. As Congress has the power to
guarantee or maintain a loyal republican gov
ernment in each State, it has the right to use
whatever means may be necessary for that
purpose. As I before remarked, the charac
ter of the means will depend upon the charac
ter of the ewe. In one case it may be the use
of an army ; in another ease perhaps it may be
simply prepenting a question to the courts,
and invingit tested in that way; in another
W I , Cry roonuald„u or use
Government itself. And! now propound this
proposition; that if Congress, after delibera
tion, after long and bloody experience, shall
come to the conclusion thatdoyal republican
State governments cannot be erected and
maintained in the rebel States upon the basis
of the white population, it has a right to raise
up and make voters of a class of men who had
no right to vote under the State laws. This
is simply the use of the necessary means in
the execution of the guaranty. If we have
found after repeated trials that loyal republic
an State governments-governments that aball
answer the purpose that such governments
are intended to answer—cannot be niccessest
ly founded upon the basis of the whits popula
tion, because the great majority of that popu-,
bairns are disloyal, then Congress has a right
to raise up a new loyal Toting population for
the purpose of establishing these governments
in the execution of the guaranty. I think,
sir, this proposition is so clear that it is not
necessary to i elaborate it. We are not re
quired to find' in the Constitution a particular
'grin of power for this purpose ; but we find
a general grant of power, and we find also
another grant
,of power authorizing us to use
whatever means may be necessary to execute
the first ; and we find that the Supreme Court
of the United States has said that the judg
ment of Congress upon this question shall be
conclusive ; that it cannot be reviewed by the
courts; that it is a purely political matter;
and therefore the determination of Congresa,
that raising npl colored men to the right of
suffrage is a means necessary to the execution
of that power, is a determination which can-
not be reviewed by the courts, and is con
clusive upon the people of this country.
THE PRIGIIIMNT'S POUCY.
'The President of the United States, swum-
lig that he had the power to execute this
guaranty, and being his proclamation upon
it, went forward in the work of reconstrue
don. It was understood at that time—it was
so announced, if not by himself, at least form
ally by the Secretary of State, Mr. Seward—
that the governments which he would erect
*wing the vacation of Congress were to be
erected as provisional only ; that his plan of
rsconstnaction and the work that was to be
dcine under it would be submitted to Congress
for its approval or disapproval at the next ses
sion. If the President had adhered to that
determination I believe that all would have,
been well, and that the present state of things'
would not exist. , But, sir, the Executive un
dertook finally to execute the guaranty him-
NU without the ' to-operation of ConfAvs& —
Ile appointed 'provisional /overarms, giving
to them unlimited power until such time as
the new State governments should be erected.
He prescribed in his proclamation who , shotdd
umbel tire right of suffrage in the election of
delegates.-1 And allow m for one moment to
refer to that. He says in his proclamation :
No shall be qualified as an elector,
oreh Ibe eligible as a member of such con
ned
subscribed tbs oeth he shallhaof amneve previous sty, ly
as set taken
and
forth In the President's prockunation of May
29; A. D. ifte&—
which mistimed on the sante day and was a
pert of the same tranisotiol—
And is I votorgodided as prescribed by the
constitution sad kws of the State of North
Carolina in farce immediately before the 20th
day °Man A. D. 1861.
The mom bad the right to vote must
have Outright to vote by thslaws ofthe State,
and meet, in addition to that, have taken the
oath ofairmesty. ; TIM President disheneids
ad, In wiling fin Adepten to °parentless,
from toe hundred and My thousand to three
hundred *me* men. His distnmeldeo.
Dant was ihr Oman than that whkh heehaw
&DIV Ormgromm In the proclamation of
sonamply be mn:
Tbit dallatgag thamps of Mum ara =apt
ad !ken tits IMO* Of this lavallunlikin— •
than gamma: el a:Metes° classes of par
sons--
Ail VP? Fc qarOA hays been pretended
civil or diplomatic officers, or tutherwise do
mestic or foreign agents, of .the pretended
confederate government.
• • • •
ix. All per:sons who have voluntarily - par
ticipated in said rebellion , and the estimated
value of whose taxable property_ is over twen
ty thousand dollars.
And twelve other classes, estimated to num
, ber at the least two hundred and fifty thoni
and or three hundred thousand men, while the
disfranchisement that has been created by Con
gress does not extend perhaps ,to more than
forty-five thousand or fifty thousand persons
at the furthest. These provisional governors,
under the authority of the President, were to
call conventions ; they were to hold the elec
tions, and they were to - count the votes ; they
were to exercise all the powers that are being
exercised by the military cominanders under
the reconstruction acts of Congress. After
those constitutions were formed the President
went forward and accepted them at being
loyal and republican in their character. lie
authorized the voters under them to proceed
to elect Legislatures, members: of Congress,
and the . Legislatures to elect Senators to take
their seats in this body. In other words, the
President launched- those State governments
into full life and activity without consulta
tion with or co-operation on the part of . Con
gress.
PRESIDZET'S POLICY ILLROAL AND A FAILURE.
Now, sir, When it is claimed that these go
ernments are legal, let it be remembered that
they took their orgin under a proceeding in
stituted by the President of the United States
in the execution of this guaranty, when it
now stands confessed that he could not ex
ecute the guaranty. But even if he had the
weer, letit be further borne in mind that
those constitutions were formed by conven
tions that were elected by less than one-third
of the white voters in the States at that time;
that the conventions were elected by a small
minority even of the white voters, and that
those -constitutions thus formed by a very
small minority have never been submitted to
the people of those States for ratification.—
They crane more the constitutions• of those
States today than the constitutions formed by
the conventions now in session would be if
we were to proclaim them to be the constitu
tions of those States without first having sub
mitted there to the people for ratification.—
How can it be pretended for a moment, even
admitting that the President had the *met to
start forward in' the work of reconstruction,
that those State governments are legally form
ed by a small minority, never -ratified by the
people, the people never having had a chance 1
to vote for them They stand as mere arbi- '
trary constitutions, established not by the peo
ple of the several States, but simply by force
of executive power.
•
And, sir, if we shall admit those States to 1
representation on this floor and in the other 1
House under those constitutions, when the
thing shall have got beyond our keeping and
they are fully restored to their political rights,
they will then rise asp and declare that those 1
constitutions are not binding upon them, that
they never made them; and they will throw
them off, and with them will go those provi
, alone which were incorporated therein, de
daring that slavery should never be rester
ed and that their war debt was repudiated.—
Those provisions were , put into those constitts
_u....... v..... -
the people of those States, and they will cast
them out as not being their act a n d deed as
soon as they shall have been restored to poli
tical power in this Goverrunent. Therefore I
say that even if it be conceded that the Presi
dent had the power, which he had not, to
'start forward in the execution of this guaran
ty, there can still be no pretense that those
governments are legal and authorized, and
1 that we are bound to recognize them.
The President of the United States, in his
proclamation, declared that those governments
were to be formed only by the loyal people of
those Stales ; and I beg leave to call the atten
tion of the Senate to that clause in his procla
mation of reconstruction. He says :
And with authority to exercise, within the
limits of said State, all the powers necessary
and proper to enable such loyal people'of the
State of North Carolina to restore said State
to its constitutional relation, with the Federal
Government.
Again, speaking of the army :
And they are enjoined to abstain from in
any way hindering; impeding, or discourag
ing the.loyal people from the organization of
a Stati government as herein authrwized.,
Now, sir, so far from those State govern- 1
silents having been organized by the loyal peo
ple, they were organized by the disloyal ; ev
ery office pulled into the hands of a rebel; the
Union men had no part.orlot in those govern
ments ; and so far from answering the purpose
for which governments are intended, they fail-:
ed to extend protection to the loyal mgn, ei
ther white or black. The loyal men were
murdered with impunity; and I will litank
any Senator upon thlatioor to polutto si single
casein any of thatebel States where a - tehel
has bees tried and. brought to puniahmene-hy
the civil authority for the murder of- s Union
man. Not one caee, , l tun ! told, can be fbund.
.Tbose governments Utterly failed in answer:
ing the purpose of civil governmente; anffnot
only that, but they returned the colored - pee'
pie to *Condition ofgicasi slavery ; they mad
them the-slaves of societylnstead of being, as
they were ibefore, the slave's of htdivitinak—: l
Under various forme of vagrant laws they dik."
prived them of the rights. of freanen; and
paced them under the power and 'control of
their rebel masters, who were filled with hatred
and revenge.
THE POLICY OP CONGRESS.
But, 20. President, time passed on. Con
gress assembled in December, 1865. For a
I time it panned. It did not at once annul those
governments. It hesitated. At last, in 1866,
the constitutional amendment, the fourteenth
article, was brought forward as a basis of set
tlement and reconstruction ; and there was a
tacit understanding, though it was not em
braced in any law or resolution, that if the
Southern people should ratify and agree to
that amendment, then their State govern
ments would be accepted. But that amend
ment was rejected, contomptuonely rejected.
The Southern people, counseled and inspired
by the Democracy of the North, relented that
amendment. They were told that they were
not . bound to submit to stny cemditiont what
,ever ; that they bad forfeited no delta by re
bellion. Why, sir, what did we ".propose by
this amendment? By the first section We'de
chund the; all men botia upon our sniff *ere
- citizens of the United fibstes--a thing - that had
long been recofigdzed by eiwy depatit of
this Iked. Scott dieldnn
wits made in . 185 t. second sectimlpro.
Tided that where alias or ram of trOn were
excluded from thecrightitfildfraiskieYAKll4
.not b ! ( M al/ MO i nttiM /M 4 of M 4,1004
--- anetrirto*iiiiiike that 119 'tamable man
for a umenent could deny ; that if &tn. milli&
.peopie dole* fibtedi Were:to hare tio ehdfhwe,
the men Liyhtliiii s *inildat and nine:446oot
O*Y ad depsivieg,,therri of . all polltket
should nobliatte members orpoiyorts,..
011 tlieiai t Y thijniticifoffiS S&L'
and 'chin* has never been successfully hn-
Pagnsd by any tirgoment, I care not how in
(/o1 It It ma i ! I C* WWI was the Ohl
clause? ,Itwas that the leaders of the South,
those men who had once taken an official oath
to support the Constitution of the United
States, and had afterward committed perjury
by going into the rebellion, should be made in
eligible to any office under the Government of
.the United States or of a State. It was a very
small- disfranchisement. It was Intended to
withhold Power from those leaders by whose
instrumentality we had lost nearly half a mil
' lion lives and untold treasure. The justice of
that disfranchisement could not be disproved.
,' And what was the fourth clause of the amend- I
ment ?-- That this Government should never
assume and pay any part of the rebel debt;
that it should never pay the rebels for their
slaves. This was bitterly opposed in the
North as well as in the South. How could i
any man oppose that amendment unless he
was in favor of this Government assuming a
portion or all of the rebel debt, and in favor
of paying the rebels for their slaves? When
the Democratic party North and South opposed
that most important, and, perhaps, hereafter
to be regarded as vital amendment, they were
committing themselves in- principle, as they
had been before by declaration, to the doc
trine that this Government was bound to pay
for the slaves, and that it was just and right
that 'ye should assume and psytherebel debt.
' This amendment, as I have before said, was
rejected, and when Congress assembled in De
cember, 1886, they were confronted by the
fact that every proposition of compromise had ,
been ected ; every half-way measure had "
beened by the rebels, and they had no
thing left to do but to begin the work of re
construction
themselves; and in February, I
1887, Congress for the fine time entered upon
the execution of the guaranty provided for in
the Constitution by the passage of the first re
construction law. A supplementary bill was
found necessary in March, another one in
July, and I believe another is found necessary
at this time ; but the power is with Congress.
Whatever itehalideem necessary, whether it
be in — the way of colored suffrage, whether it
be in the way of military power—whatever‘
Congress shall deem necessary in the execu-,
tion of this guaranty is conclusive upon the i
courts and upon the States.
WET. COLORED lIEN WERE ENFRANCHISED.
Sir, when Congress entered upon-this work
it had become apparent to all men that loyal
reliublican State governments could not be
erected and maintained upon the basis of the
white population. We had tried them. Con
gress had attempted the work of reconstruc
tion
through the constitutional amendment by
leaving with the white people of the South
the question as to when the colored people 1
should exercise the right of suffrage, if ever;
but,when it was found that those white men
were as rebellious as ever, that they hated this
Government more bitterly than ever ; when it I
was found that they persecuted the loyal men,
both white and black, in their midst : when it
was found that Northern men who had gone
down there were driven out by social tyran
ny, by a thousand annoyances, by the in
security of life and property—then it became
apparent to all men of intelligence that recon
struction could not take place upon the basis
of the white population, and something else
must be done.
New, sir, what was there left to do ? Ei
ther we Must hold these
. people continually
ny military power, or we must use such ma
chinery upon such a new basis as would ena
ble loyal republican State governments to be
raised up ; and in the last resort—and I will
I say Congress waited long, the nation waited
long, experience had to come to the rescue of
reason before the thing was done—in the last
resort, and as the last thing to be done, Coa
-1 greselletermined to dig through all the rule
bish--dig through the soil and the shifting'
sands, and go down to the eternal rock, and
I there, upon the basis of the everlasting prin
ciple of equal and exact justice to all men,
we have planted the column of reconstruc
tion - and, sir, it will arise slowly but surely,
,
1 and "the gates of hell shall not prevail against
lie': Whatever dangers we apprehended from
the introduction to the right of suffrage of
seven hundred thousand men, just emerged
190 - slavery, were put aside in the presence
of, a greater danger. Why, sir, let me say
frankly to my friend from Wisconsin that I
approached universal colored suffrage in the
1 South reluctantly. Not because I adhered to
the miserable dogma that this was the white
man's government, but because I entertained
fears about at onie entrusting a' large body of
men jest-from elaverye--to whom education
had been denied by law, to whom the mar
riage - relation had been denied, who had been
.the most, abject' slaves, with political power.
And as the 'Senator has referred to a speech
which I made In Indland in 16415, allow me to
shine the pritielpie that then actuated me, for
in that speech I-said :
Di regard to 'the question of admitting the
i,freedmen of the Southern States• to vote,
1 while I.admit.the,equal rights of all men, and
Ilitat In time all' men wlll have the right to
i 'tote, wltlicnit distinction of color or race, I
yet believe that in the (else of that million of
slaves, just-freed from bondage; there should
Lbe a. period of _probation and preparation be
. fore they are leyought to the exercise of polit-
I lealpo*er,
Such teas my feeling at that time, for it had
not Mei been determined by the bloody ex
' perience of the last "ilie years that we could
not reconstritet upon the basis of the white
IMPulatline and such: was .the opinion ; of a
: great 'majority of ,lie" people of the North ;
and levels =Candi a year and a half after
that time that Congrees same to the conclu
sion that there was no way left but to resort
to colored suffrage and suffrage to all men ex
cept those who were disqualified by the com
mission of high crimes and misdemeanors.
• - WHO OPPOSE RECONSTRRCTION.
- Mr. President, we hear much said in the 1
&arse of this debate and ithrough the press,
about the violation of the Constitution. It is I
said that in the reconstruction measures of
Congress we have gone outside of the Consti
tution, and the remark of some distinguished
statesman ef. t/afkikepablican, party is quoted
to that efra3t. Sir, it any leading Republican
has ever said so; he , spoke , only for himself,
not for, another. - I deny the statement in
foto.- I insist that thettereconstrnction meas
ures erg „se hilly within the powers of the
Constittgien as any legislation that can.be
hed, not only by. Reason, but by authority.—
And who.are the men that are talking so'
in* about the vielation.of the Constitution,
and who 'pretend to be the especial friends of
that instrtuasuit-t ..The great mass of them,
only three years ago, were' in rant to over
turn-the -Constitution and establish that of
lientgomery in its place, or were their North
arn.ftriende, who were raiding and sympathi
big in litsikundertakflig.i -- --, •
/had ocaudest the other—dsy to ispeak of
what-was described sac Constitetional,Union
man--a man living inside of thit Federal
'lines durhirthwiterreitapendsh* Yqtit t h e
rebel!kes, idehrbir t endisivered to tdd the te-
Inhlttbit the ti iiudtre
' lasehelieeposeif iftippresidni it wed al•iloht
itilheettheVenstitalten of the 13nited Wei&
blow, these men who claim to be the esiieciat
Mends of the Constitution are the men' who
have sought to destroy it by force of arms,
auk those throughout the country who have
-, . w+t+ws~ w
given them aid and comfort. • 6ir, you will
4tmeinixt`that once a - celebtate4 French wo-,
than was ls;inidiagged to tie watud, and as
she passed the-statue of Liberty the exclaim
ed : "How manyesimes have been committed
in thy name!" and I cm. say to the Constitu
tion, bow • many crimes against liberty, hu
manity, and progress, are being committed in
thy name by these inert *fie, While they loved
not the Constitution,•imil sought. Its destruc
tion, now, for party purposes, claim to be its
especial friends.
My friend from Wisconsin yesterday com
pared what he called the Radical party of the
North to the radicals of the South, and when
he was asked the question
,by some Senator,
"Who are the radicals of the South ?" he
said, "They are the Secessionists." Sir, the
Secessionists of the South are Democrats to
diy," acting in harmony and concert with the
Democratic party. They • were .Democrats
during the war who prayed for the success of
McClellan and Pendleton, and would have
been glad to have voted for tiled; and they
were Democrats before the war, and the men
who made the rebellion. These are the radi
cals of the South ; and my friend from Wis
consin, after all, is voting with the radicals.
TR& cRY Or NEfiRO EWPRIMACY.
The burden of his speech yesterday was
that the reconstruction measures of Congress
are intended.to establish negro supremacy.—
Sir, this proposition is wilhout any founda
tion whatever. I believe it was stated yes
terday by the Senator from Illinois (Mr.
Trumbull) that in every State- but two the
white voters registered out-numbered the col
ored voters ; and the fact that in two States
the colored voters outnumbered the white vo
ters is owing to the simple accident that there
are more colored men in those States than
there are white men. Congress has not
sought to establish negro supremacy, nor has
it sought to establish the supremacy of any
class or party of men. If it had sought to
establish negro supremacy it would have been
an easy matter by excluding from the right of
suffrage all men who had been concerned in
the rebellion, is accordance with the proposi
tion of the distinguised Senator from Massa
chusetta (Mr. Sumner),- ia-his speech at Wor
cester in.. 186.5. He proposed to exclude all
men who had been concerned In the rebellion
and confer suffrage only on those who were -
left. That would have established negro-su
premacy by giving the negroes an overwhelm
ing majority in every State ; and If that had
been the object of Congress it could have
been readily done. But, sir, Congress has
only sought to divide the political power be
tween the loyal and the disloyal. It has dia
-1 franchised some fifty thousand disloyal lead
erd, leaving all the rest of the people to vote.
They have been enfranchhied on both sides,
that neither should-be placed in the power of
the other. The rebels have the right to vote
so that they shall not be under the control
and power of the Union men only, and the
Union men have been allowed to vote so that
they shall not be under the control and pow
er of the rebels. This is the policy, to divide
the political power among those men for the
protection of each. Sir, the charge that we
intend to create a negro supremacy or colored
State .governments is without the slightest
foundation, for it would have been in the
power of Congress to have easily confbrred
such supremacy by simply excluding the dis
loyal from the right of suffrage—a power
which it had the clear right to exescise.
Now, Mr. President, allow me to consider
for a moment the amendment offered by the
Senator from Wisconsin, and upon which his
speech was made, and see what is its effect—l
will not say its purpose, but its inevitable ef
fect—should it become a law. I will ask the
Secretary to read the amendment which the
Senator from Wisconsin has proposed to the
Senate.
The Secretary read as follows -
Provided nevertheless, That upon an
„election for the ratification ofany sonstaution,
or of officers under the same, previous to its
adoption in any State, no person not having
the qualifications of an elector under the C'on
stitutioa and laws of such State previous to
the late rebellion shall be allowed to vote, un
less he shall possess one of the following
qualifications, namely;
1. He shall have served as a soldier in the
Federal army for one year or more.
2. He shall have sufficient education to
read the Constitution of the United States and
to subscribe his name to an oath to support
the same; or,
3. He shall be seized in his own right, or
n the right of his wife, of a freehold of the
value of 4 ;250.
Mr. MORTON. Sir, these qualifications
are, by the terms of the amendment, to apply
to those who were not authorized to vote by
the laws of the State before the rebellion—in
other -words, the colored men. lie proposes
to allow a colored man to vote if he has been
in the Federal army one year, and he propo
ses to allow a rebel white man to vote, al
though he Etas served in the rebel army four
years! He proposes that a colored man shall
not vote unless he has sullicient education to
read the Constitution of the United States and
to subscribe his name to an oath to support
the same; whereas he permits a rebel white
man to vote who never heard of A, and does
not know how to make. his mark even to a
note given for whiskey. [Laughter.] •
Again, air, he propos:es that the colored
man shall not. vote unless he shall be seized
in his own right or in the right of his wife of
a freehold of the value - of $250, a - provision
.
which, of course, would cut off nine hundred
and ninety-nine out of every thousand color
ed men in the. South. The colored man can
-not vote unless he has a freehold of 4%2.10, but
the white
l ebel who was never worth twenty
five centli, who never paid poll-tax in his life,
never paid art honest debt, is to be allowed
to vote. Sir, what would be the inevitable
effect of the adoption of this amendment P
To cut off such a large part of the colored
vote as to leave the rebel white vote largely
in the ascendency and to put these new State
governments there to be termed again into
the hands of the rebels. Sir, I will not spend
longer time upon that. •
My friend yesterday alluded to my endorse
ment of the President's Alloy in a' speech in
1865. I never endorsed what -n ow called
the President ' s policy. In lirsuniniev of
1863, when I saw a division coming betive&
the President and the Republican party, and
when I could not help anticipating the direful
consequences that must result from it,l made
a speech in which I repelled certain state
ments that had been made against the Presi
dent, and denied the charge that by inning
his proclamation of May 29, 1865, he had
thereby left the Republican party. I told
that he had not left the Republican party by
that act. I did show that the pqle - yie•that
proclamation was even more milt* than
that of 3fr. Lincoln. I did show thitAt WM
more radical even ,thart the Winter DillriN
bill of the summer of 1864. But,-sir, It was
all upon the distinct understanding that what
ever the President did , that his whole policy
or action waslobe submitted to Congress for
its Censidetatien. and decision ; and, as I be
fore remarked, if that had been clone all
would have been well. I did not then advo
cate'univerital colered suffrage in the Soutli,
and I halm tiefons given my reasons for it,
and in dein! that I was acting in harmony
With the-great body of the Republican party
of the North. It was nearly a year after that
time, when Congress passed the constitutionak
amendment, which still left the quest* of
Suffrage with the Southern States, left it wills .
.
tie' white people; and it twasitnt r itylll a pear;
grid a half after that rime that, Clcu?girsea copal,
ibliiirs.
,to the conChislon that we 0104 : nos, v
AK
:the guaranty of the Constitt . Volllti .
:,ing up a new class of loyai votent.
TES WAR A GREAT 'MEGATON. '
And, sir, nobody concurred in •that icault
[Concluded 974 4th pnge.]
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