*
T V creditors, or of the .purehafiri;; cieJ-.tur
which idea hid been rejected m
Virginia, Pennsylvania, Matfacbufetts, and"
vera" otn.-r Stnes, forming a larje inajoiit <•
£ attempt to r--.0u.. « ;
foUIC W, ) C i lWOU,.UudutC t - C •
Hat »ft.>? creditor, t.. a '•»" ' - ;
t. oft. The latter mode has beent. led . ..tc
,uUv, ami t-.ei.itereft will taereoy beared, .tt
to about four and one half per cent, includ
the fu'i value of the deferred debt, making"
anno al fmn of 2,79>p-j;>doSla<-^
that a J.VI»Z hiifaci" «J 5 1 v . '
an*U It b mTreover to be toa
the United State, have always
sum, whether l(.e debt v. u depreciate., n >
and that they ought therefore to have |hcw«1 -
la-oe the '.lev.,. : .f the o rig.;.-- '»
tracts, .V lith the old Co-.tgyM, and <c «
.lone, and which Penny Lama (the".
own State) and Maryland have hnce ( one, b
gWing more to the creditort(Without dixnuii
nation too) than Congress have done. It U »
to bo forgotten that Mongrels do not W
~ r-lc dollar, as they do not pay more than t .
contract, but, have induced the creditors '
c ,- lets—'hit the " Far MRU s own Stat.
;-ave fix percent, interest to a large numte.to
-le i.Untied creditors, who now ap.iee to tak
f.KS-and a half per cent, oft'.ongu'is and t.ia
Virginia pavs her creditors a greater mteret
ui her remaining St ire debt, without diluimi
nation—that all the forefen world anpiaud am
, U lire, as wife arrd efficient, the measures o:
t he general government to restore public creui,
—that "he credit of the Union is much bene.
than that of any one State, as is inamteft Iron
this fact, that the unaffuined debt ot ever;
■;-at -h 1 l'ij valuable than the debts ot
—that the " Farmer's" State enjoys a ver;
large part of the profits from the rife of tin
debt, by holding continental certii.cates, to ai
innienfe amount, procured for land;, at fix 'M"
)in<rs per acre, &rc. which they novf offer t k r oil.
Jhifiins in Ipecie—that they are exonerate,
from all their debts, by fcveral sales ot thei
public fc-curities, to the amount, in a linrie in
stance, of near a million ofdo'Jars —and it mouh
be particularly, very particularly
that the original creditors h-rve not funere.
from the re—, the debt by Congveis, but Iron
the neglect of the States to pay the intereit, o
their refufal to enable the old confederation ti
do it, before the eftabliftiment of the prefen
efficient government. If the Spates had not tie
predated the debt by such omiflions and reiuials
the peculators and gamesters, which the 4 * bar
MEr" mentions, would not have made thei
profits, nor would they ever he exited. Ihe
have manijejll) t>vn created by, and gro&n out of th
discordant a> d inadeq <dte financial operations oj th
Stater, which, 4v depreciating the debt, opened a dop
fer J'pcculation and gambling. .Had they fuftaine
the debt at its jolt and intrinlic value, by pay
ing only the interest and declaring the orinci)) j
Inviolable, the original creditor would not hay.
had cause to complain, nor would the purchase
have h id ail opportunity to peculate in the pro
pe: tv of tie soldier, the widow, the orphan
and the patriotic lender in the hour of publi
need. Tliefe are solid, unqueltionable truths
and will not be denied, nor can they be difpro
ved. The genoral government, on account o
an honest performance of old contrasts, ough
not be charged with consequences which ar
only afcribable to the want of justice, or th
want ftf ability, or the want of order and fyl
teifc it the State governments, during the tim
of the confederation. The difficult part, a juj
provision, has been executed bv the existing na
tional government, and it is entitled to all th<
merit of being an efficient instrument of publi
justice, nonor and prosperity. The impartia
foreign world consider the conduct of the fede
ral legislature in this honorable light at the p e
sent moment.
In regard to the eftabliftiment of banks, i
that were<ci crime or a public injury, it inigh
b? fairly asked who set the example ? The flat
of which « The Farmer," from the place o
publication, is presumed to be a citizen. Thi
power of ifluing paper was unlimited in the char
ter granted by that State, but is careful];
guarded "by the ast of Congress establishing thi
bank of the United States. Other State legif
latures have been guilty «f the crime of efta
bliftiing bauks. But it is become too plain tha
Congress may not do, without censure, the sam
things, which are unnoticed or applauded whei
done by a State. With refpeft to the opportu
nity, which u The Farmer" alled2;es is givei
to a few men to acquire what he calls llgppid
fortunes, it is impossible to give rational an
fwer.to it, because it is not poflible to afcertai
his meaning. His presumptive meaning reft
upon the fame principle as his ideas about th
pubile debt, and, on a lair cftimate and sum
ming up of the account, would really amount ti
this, that feeing that former meafure c , or ne
glefts, or disorders in the States, or in the oli
confederation had occafioncd a depreciation o
the public fccurities, or certificates, tind fevera
other large portions or descriptions of property
the genera), government ought tobeheidrel
ponfible for all the past evils resulting from fuc
injuries to the original owners of those proper
ties, if they should by wife and honest measure
restore them to their uatural and proper value
though such restoration ftiould not cost the peo
pie of tie United States one dollar more tha
their old government had solemnly promised ii
their behalf to pay.
The last charge in u The Farmer's" im
peachment is, that the United States have ena<sl
ed an excise law, which provides for the col
lection M* aiower excise (by near two-pence per
gallon) from the people of Pennsylvania than
they Weil obliged to pay by a law of their own
State when the federal constitution Was adopt
ed, and at the very moment when the ast of
Congress waspafted. It may be fairly asked in
regard to 4< The Farmer" did he ever petition
the legislature of Pennsylvania to repeal their
excise ast laying the above higher duty, or (if
he has ever been a member of the legislature of
the Stat") M-iiv tie r.ot move in his plate for
tlie S>tat-/ . j which has ev ;
7erv year,.' But Congreft;
haCe preiutW, tl-at oi
.",i~ . t'-i State, which lian ai equal excile,
'' mild 'sici-ji i'evere in their teniu.es upon
>h~m f«r fallowing «■' example laying an cxtil
uin.n fiiirit", which was let by thennelves. fbe
fed-rd le-iflaturc could not but prelume, tnat,
thu, the Vop:. of the United States veit«f.
thein, in express terms, with the powei of ra
f. ,5 money by excii'e, they might mnocen t.ye
-r< ilo tli.lt power- They knew too, tnat Ma
7'chufctts l'A Connecticut had fit examples o
t L Ein.c kind, and that tho:e too staves and
Pe.mlvlva.iia contain within one ' xt^
moifity ot'tne f,« people of
It km«v„, tnat .he.c. »e.te nt
more 'tin* four orfivef.ee government p
the face of the earth, and that eacu 9*. ' h _ L "'|
collected money by excile. 'X he °9 et £ * d
them in England Were examined, and wei e tou .
'tobe two that trial h "/ v
a „d therefore Congrefi provided I:hat jurjM:n.js
lhould be had in all cases under then excite aw
and 2dly, it was objected that the Miingor m. n
jton houjc of the citizen ni S h ' k
: really rotlrved exclusively as a dwelling,
: be enters at the pleasure of an esc.e °&c,
ancf onlv after formal information be)lopi 3 c
vil magistrate, upon oath, and t'wn oil» tU
day time jnd in company with a civil office' ~
and that The excise offices should be confine .
in their own searches to the aav ,
to the places, which were previously
to be intended for the v,lt of ftonn £ or mak ng
diftflled ipirits. If a perlon does not P c y c \
the difference between the Bnt.fo le ia
and that of the United States two g ea
and elfcntial particulars, it really must Uttipm ]
<vant of that sober attention and
conf,deration, with which the laws ecu
con'rttfy in the world ought to be .cad 3 ex
amined by every refleftmg, worth), well
tentioned citizen. . |f
In the 11th page " l®"7 , ...
uUmeroiis expressions of concern tor equa.ity ol
advantages, Lid for the poorer citizens, under
takes to make the following aflertion, that
the rich neceflarily in' all countries adniimfte.
government, for they alone (fays he) have fith
> and leisure for its functions That part of
: the yeomanry of the United State,, • wno are,
■ not wealthy, need no comment upon a deciara
, tion, that those of them who are not ' itch
- reallv are inadequate to the duties of govern
- ment frdni want of the requifit# knowledge.
► Though it might be aiked here, whether tie
" Farmer" can be the friend of the people, I
will rather do that writer the juftireto believe,
tHat ho reallv did not mean all lie lays m the
above paflage, but at the fame time it is to be
hoped, that it will encreafe the weighty argu
ments which refle&ion will fnggett to men oi
undemanding, not to place their faith upo.
" The Farmer's Letters."
Foreign Affairs.
W A R S A W, July I J
THE new constitution, the termi
nation of which we have long
apprehended, is at length at an end.
On Sunday night, the Rullian Mi
nilter delivered the final answer of
h.is Imperial Miflrefs, to the King, in
which (he declares her determination
of re-eltablilhing the ancient conftt
tution, and of supporting to the ui
moft of her power, the confederation
of Targo vii z.
The rapid advance of the Ruffian
troops, and the determined language
of her'lmperial Majesty, left King
Stanislaus no alternaiive ; he, there
fore, on thp following morning, as
fcnibled the nobles, commuijicated
to them the Empress's determinati
ons, and at the fame time recommend
ed, to prevent the further effufions of
blood and difineinberment of the
kingdom, to submit to a temporary iu
cono-iiitncs, to revoke the conltitution
fettled on the 3d of May, 179 1 . to re "
llore (lie ancient form of government,
and to submit the arbitration of the
different,-J between the people of Po
land aud the Euiprefs, to the three
rebel Counts Potocki, Rzeivufki, and
Branicki—and proposed, in compli
-ance with a requifiiion from the Elll
press, that Prince Poniatowfki fliould
be recalled, and Count Branieki in
vested with the command of the ar
my, when the Aflembly was by no
means unanimous in the adoption of
l'entiments.
A strong party, of which M. Mala
chofki, Mai ihal of the Diet—Prince
Sapicha, MarfhaJ of Lithuania—M.
Potocki, jun.—and M. Soltick, were
at the head, opposed the pacific pio
pofuions of his majesty, and declared,
that the king having defer ted the
conrtitution, the conlVitution wirhoui
the king, iliould repel the ambitious
and oppreffivc views of all its ene
•"■ies, or finking, (hould bury thou
lands in its ruins.
Eighteen thousand Atiftnans form
a cordon on the frontiers of Gallicia,
146
«
io 000 Prussians are flattened on the
fronue.s oS Silesia ; who, as the Em
pre*ls ia her letter declared, were
leady to enforce her requisitions.
All Lithuania oppofeft. the reltora
tio.. of the old form of government,
and the people throughout the Jung
dom avc so much attached to the new
constitution, ihat (honld the E.i.prefs
; c'li ry the poinr, a general infuirec
ion will undoubtedly take place, and
a civil war Hiult be the coniequence.
M A N H E J M, Auguit 2.
Last night the Adrian army, 1111-
«Ur Prince Van Hohenloe, wbiaii was
polled at SchWetzengen, began their
march. he Mai qijis de bwnUe ar
rived the (kiy before i lie infantry
pafi'ed tlie Rhine Ketfch, and the
horse ciolibd over the bridge near
tliis city. I bis anny, which is 25,800
lli ong, will encamp in ilie neighbor
hood of Spiers and Philipfbuig, in
order to be nearer the Klfas, as the
Trench have an army of 40,000 men
at Gernierfheiin, near Landau.
DarmJfaJt, near Manheim, Aug. ?■
I write from the general quarters
of Prince de Conde. Our corps of
French emigrants amounts to 6,000,
and we are marching to Landau. By
Sunday we (hall be before the gates.
Tfie body of, Auftrians of Sehwetzen
gen is 22,000 llrong, and is \vjthin
three leagues of it, within the French
'territory. We are afliired that the
emigrants which garrison the place
are well affetfed, and that offers have
been made to the Prince de Conde to
deliver up the town. 'Ibis inltant a
messenger is arrived, and it is laid or
ders will be given for our immediate
departure, tho' inarched a! - j
ready upwards of 8 leagues during
the heat of this sultry day. The
Prussians have entered France by
Deux Pouts ; the Prince of Bourbon
on the fide of Flanders,and tlieCompte
d'Artois by Luxembourg. For two
nights I havp not slept, and 1 lojg to
indulge mvfelf with a little clean
ft, a w, which chance has thiowa in
my. way.
Augufl 7. The French General Kel
lermaii, who commands the army near
Landau,has drawn up his forces with
in the lines of Wifl'emburg. The Im
pel ial army is encamped between
Germerflieim and Spiers, and Gene-
A FREEMAN,
ral Erbach is before Landau wit.
10,000 men. It is ("aid to be the plan
of General Prince Hohenlohe to drive
General Killerman out of the lines,
in which cafe Landau must fall ;
6,c00 men defend Landau, and when
of 12,000 Pruflians, who
are expected by the lull, arrive, we
expect a decisive Itroke.
As the pallions a of men begin to j
fubfidc, we are enabled to collect
more accurately the particulars oh
the late tumult. To procure arms
the populace broke open the gates of
the Arsenal, and several of the build
ings near the I'huilleries were let on
fiie.—The mirrors, and part of the
furniture in the Palace were deltroy
ed ; but those who attempted to car
ry away any thing privately were
punished with inltant death. Many
of the citizens, by wr.y of triumph,
carried the bloody clothes of the
Swiss on the points of their lances.
Amidtl these fccnes of horror, the
women (hewed no signs of that fenfi
bility natural to their sex, and many
of them mixed boldly among the
mob. Towards 8 o'clock the light,
of the flames, the approach of night,
and the fight of many dead bodies,
particularly those of the Swiss expos
ed quite naked, exhibited a fpedtacle
awful and horrid beyond description.
—The mob in their fury seemed de
termined to destroy every veltige of
. Royalty ; the ftatuesof all the kings
were overthrown ; not even except
ing that of the great Prince Henry
IV. At the throwing down that of
Louis XV several people weie killed,
and others much 1 hurt. Every
fignboard,which had the King's head,
was destroyed ; and the Setftion of
Marseilles have resolved to petition
the Aflembly, that the words " The
King," on the buttons of the Nation
al Guards, be erazed, to give place
to those of " Liberty ! Lquality!"—
Daring the general confufion, M. Pe
tion's father, a venerable old man,
was carried about in triumph by the
citizens, who congratulated him on
PARIS, August i J
having given birth to him whom the
styled their realjritn4 Ihet ii J,''
killed at the Caltle have be( „ j,*. *,'*
red vviih military honors.—l al j s vv .
illuminated lad night, and every
tiling remains quiet at present.
NATIONAL ASSEMBLY,
August 12.
The fifteen Southern departments
of r ranee have opened a fubferiptiou
!of three millions of livres, to be dif
nibuted in rewards for taking the
lives of the principal persons concern
ed in the league against tiie French,
which are offered in these funis.
For the Emperor ( 400 xo
The King of Pruflia 4x>,oot>
The Duke of Brurvvick , 400,000
Stanislaus Zavicr Montxur 350,000
tiha'lei Phiiippt D'Aituis 300,00 a
Louis Joleph Conde 200,000
Louis Henri Joseph Bourbon
Bouille l'iiii'ame 200,00>
Lambe]c 100,000
Brojrlio ■ 0 100,000
Milabeau Tonneau 100,000
Calomie 3 >,000
What remains, to be employed 111
rewards to thole who may lliit in
deifrnyiiig any other principal parti
zaii in the league. «"
M. Robertfpierre cametd the hw,
at the head of'a deputation.fr«in tW
feftioii of the Place Vendome. ~H<>
informed'them, that 011 the rains of
the proud pedestal of the tyrant Lou
is XIV. they had eret'ted a pyramid
in honor of the citizens who had pe
rilhed in fighting for liberty. The
fix criminal tribunals of Paris came
and took the new oath of liberty and
equality.
A fervnnt belonging to M. la Fay
ette found means to ieave Paris on
the night of the ioili, and to proceed
directly lo the place where the Gene
ral was encamped. He has (ince re
turned to Paris, and has deposed be
fore the municipality, that thearmy,
which at fit ft w.ft'yi great commoti
on, had unanimously determined to
lupporc the Afleinbly.
L O NDON, August 12.
By the official dispatches received
yclterday from the Britith Minifler, 1
at the court of bilbun, we learn, ttac
the Portuguese have joined the league'
agaiuit Fiance.
The scattered remains of tfceßegi
cide Ankerlhom, were 011 the 23d
ult. ilolcn frcpii the diffeienc plwe*
where they were exposed
August j6. _
Whitehall, JVednefday Morning,.
AuguJ} IJ . |
" Mr. Auft presents his compJi
nentsto Mr.Taylor.Maflerof LlojcjV
Coffee Honfe, and acquaints hini,a-;
►reealily to his retjiiett, that a fflef:
"enger arrived this morning'
>aris, with the news of a cotnuiotldli
m Friday, in which the inoli Wiled
he greatest part of the Swiss Guards,
vho defended the TbiiiHerie*. <«*i
b several persons of diltiniTtioo ? a
nonglt whom 'was M. Clermont IFoU
lerre, and deft.oyed the
)f the Palace, and all thi put
nffS adjoining. At the brfcint)ing«:
ht (unmlt, the King, to*
he Royal Family escaped acrow t.fte
rarden to the Rational Aflepibtyj l,l
i' room adjoining ro «liich rt>»y c®n
iu'ued 011 Sunday, whence roeUrt'
rer fei out. On Fridayihe
lecreed, that the Executive ?<**«<;
vas withdrawn from the King, as
hat, for the present, g^f rnn,e °l
hould be entrusted Min j® er ,®.'
heir nomination. That f>.
hould be lydged ii> fomt pJ*«»
afety, and lb* C ' vi^
■ontinued. That the
>lie» (hould be convened or . i
nit. in order to appo.nt a N«
Convention to meet at Pans ® , _
soth of September, to dcc.de
y upon the forfeiture of t
ind the mode of eftablilhwg
tlf that i» addifi.n««
lie Royal Family, the . Na "^ B L d ,
"embly mean torefer>"n.he of
the wives, children and reh
the emigrants as hostage * - nccS cour
they may retaliate any vloleo / C . S l
mined b'y the »uke of Brunf«££
any par: of the con.b.nedI
There is,therefore, too much g
o dread that .his
narked with all the fang
jf civil war. „,.nMnn. that
Letters from France Reflux
M. de Florida Blanca 4,1 wbere
3 n his journey »o l ' ie C ? ' n fi n ed.
ae had beeivordered to be connn
J
A