C§sZ£#o (fit
A NATIONAL PAPER, PUBLISHED WEDNFSDAYS AND SATURDAYS BY JOHN FENNO, No. 6q. HIGH-STREET, PHILADELPHIA
[No. 50, of Vol. IV.]
ADORESS
€jthe Editor of the Federal and
Philadelphia Uau.y A d v t k i - i s f. k ,
To the Citizens of the United St at a of\
tHil'lCU
THIS Gazette, though on ptiallv priblifhrd un-j
tier ci»'<umftance.s of difcouragmg perplexity,'
has, with the lifipg toitune ot our coun'ry, gra
dually risen to an eminence far beyond the Editor's
expectations.
Encouraged by a generous public, whose rights
ibis paper lias ever been ready to defend, and
whom >t his tiom tunc to time endeavor- d to
lerre, as a tnendly monitor against thole evils toj
which other nations are expoled, it has " grown
with its growth, and itrengthened with its
itrenelh ; rt and this day tiie ninth volume (in
compliance with the wiftics of many vefue&able
citizens) comuientes, on royal paper, ot a fupcrior
quality, and more than double the fixe of that on
which it was fir ft printed in the year 1788.
By the present alteration (which precludes,
however, any farther change) the Editor will be
enabled to gratify the public, with a more copious
fele&ion of 'articles of domeltic and Foreign intel
ligence—an accurate detail of the debates and pro
ceedings of Corigrefs—a faithful representation of
the progress ot agriculture, manufactures, arts ;mtU
sciences, throughout the Union—and a ufelul
neation of the chara&er, power, policy, inftitu
rions, and manners of other nations. With a
study proportionate to his conviction of their use- |
fulnefs. he will early announce to the merchants
the multifarious events that concern them. The!
arriva'is and departures of vcflels—the course of
exchange—the prices current of merchandize and
of stocks—the regulations of trade—each in its
proper will be care<ullv exhibited, with as
great a degree of accuracy as the moil unremitting
Attention can ensure.
It is an advantage peculiar to the Federal Ga-
zette, which cannot b<* too highly estimated, and
which the Editor adds with gratitude to the pre-
sent enumeration, that it is made the medium of
publishing authentic copies of the laws of
the United States, under the authority of the pro
per officer, as soon as the adfcs have received the
legislative fantlion.
Intended as a faithful guardian of the sacred
rights of the community, this paper was warmly
and liberally zealous for the efbhlifhment of that
noble monument of modem civilization, the Con
stitution of the United Spates; and having seen it
fafe from the attacks of its various opponents, and
fucct fsfullv carried into etft-ct, this Gazette, with
equal solicitude for that Conftirutton, will con
stantly endeavor to remove whatever might im
pede its firm ellabiilhment in the hearts and affec
tions of Americans. A Heady advocate for the
diminution of the debts ot the country—for the
support of iis credit—and the general dif
fufion of its happiness, the Editor Hatters himOeff
he has contributed bis mite towards the extension
of those sentiments that arc likely to promote mea
sures so fa lot ary : and it is his intention to ihow
equal fidelity, in the maintenance of order and
thefuppoit of good government, on the one hand,
and genuine liberty and lepnblicanitm, on the
other.
Upop this plan, and with* those views, it is
fondly hoped- that the Federal Gazette may serve
as a faithful hillorv of the taius—a complete town
and country remitter—and a valuable repofnorv of
uCeful and intcirtting information, totally divested
of the v lolence—- the lliibctality - —the iictntiouf
nefs of party.
As the Ed tor flatters himf<?lt that a rftrofpt&fve
consideration o' his conduct and fucc< fs wotild aT-
Jord the best afTuianrc lor the futu-e peiformance |
ot his enganem -nts, he omi eivcs it would neither
be proper nor is it iiecefTuY, to speak of the in
creafin? pooulavrv of litis the great
imp., (lbn that is ftri.ck off daily, '> s
rrus liierarv and other coriefpondeu's, mud na&e
these Uonoiahtc cifcumttoiv-cs ( i iuicntly c^aipi
cuous. j r
In a paper of such general circulation, advei t Mo
ments have viftMc advantages; and their e r\y\
and corfett Viwertion ihall always be an obj tl
ltrift attention.
With fent'iments of gratitude for the liberal en
couragement of the pa ft, and with atTarances of
exer'ion to def.-rve fut-'port in the future, the fub
icubei »• ma,ins the faithful and devoted fcrvaiu of
the puhhc, ANDREW BROWN,
Editor and Proprietor of the Federal Gazette,
ana PhtMat/phia Daily AdiOtiJir'.
Philadelphia, IJi'Sepl. 1792
Subs.li iptions ' t Six Dollar) per annum, to >•••
paid in advance) advoiitfcmeuts, essays, and atti
clesol intelligence, for '!"■ rapei fpolt p-id) ate
received at tlie Piiniirig-Otfice of I lie Fideral Ga.
retteand Pfevj idctplna Daily Advctifi-r, a- Wafh
ingtnn's Head, Cbelmit-ftrect, Philadelphia.
Slibfcripfcions and adv»i tlienl (its aie ji!o rteetved
hL the ioilowvug jjl ce.v, viz
At B'ewllrr's tavi in, P' rlfinqoth, Nc<» -Himp
; Co!i man'sCotlce-Houk, BoltMalC'chu-
U;ts ; Town! Mill's tavern, New poit,Rliode-Illmd ;
Hull's tavern, Haiif"rd, Oinnefctirut-j the P ift-
Otfice, Bennington, Vermont ; Bradtord's t ottee-
House, New-Yoik; Drake's tavern, Trenton,
New-lerfey; Brfntm.'s tavern, Wilmington, D--
lawatt ; Grant'- lavern, Baltimore, Maryland;
the Eagle tave.i.. K • Iwhnnd, Virginia : J'ocltn &
J)r Heibe's CofT< ertouff, Wilmirigtop, N. Carolina;
Willi Jms's Cfiffee-H nifr, Charleston, S. Carolina ;
and at r.ioun's Coffee-Houfe, Savannao. Geoigia.
Tins Gazette is, b\ every pcfi, forwarded
to, rcgutjrly tiled, and may be conftantl) fi.cn at
cach ol the abimraeiuwncd places.
Wednesday, September 12,1792.
FROM THE AMERICAN MUSEUM.
REFLECTIONS on the STATE if the UNION
(concluded.)
The conchfion : Iking m'/cel/aveouf thoughts on the
government.
THE independency of the judiciary, as well
in the tenu e ot' their stations as in the
permanency of their compensations, under the
federal conflitution, and most of those of the
states, is an advantage over the ancient repub-
lies and the generality of modern governments,
of inestimable value in regard to liberty and
property.
The United States, being without transma
rine or dominions, are exempted from
two inconveniencies, which have resulted from
them.—An imrnenfe naval force has been found
neceffarv to defend such territories, and protetl
the trade with them in a time of war, and the
difficulty of deviling for them a free lejiilation
has hitherto proved insurmountable. The Bri
tish nation declared, that they had a right to
lsgiflate for their colonies and dominions in
America, Asia, and Africa, in all cases whatso
ever, and the revolution of the United' States,
tn-ned «r»on that cardinal point.
iipb.'erve that she Frtmch nation, devoted a
Sliey are to the puWuit of liberty, have not yet
been able to devise any fyitem of governmen
for their colonies without a dernier resort to
the legislature of France, it will" be a lource oJ
comfortable reflexion to the friendr, of free
and efficient government in these state«, thai
we ara not perplexed by the neceility of so de-
licate, important, and difficult an operation.
It has been unfortunate for moil nations as
well ancient as modern, that they have had 110
fettled pre-exilling mode of altering, amending,
or renovating their political Ivllem, to which
they could resort without a deviation from the
legal courle of thing' hazarding the public
tranquility, and often freedom itfelt.—lt is
equally happy tor the people of the United
States, that in their federal government, and
in most of the dates, there exists a provision,
by which those neceltary and defirableends may
be obtained, with whatever zeal without recur-
ing to irregularity or violence.
principles being already fettled by common con
sent, and duly recorded in the conltitutions, the
people cannotlongmiftake the nature of amea
fure, u law, or a poiiticßl maxim, which is
ally opposed to them ; and when their judgment
is decided upon any one or more derelictions ot
those principles, of magnitude fufficient to in-l
dilce an effort tor reform, their will cannot bei
fuccefsfully resisted. The consequence of this
state of things will be, that the mass of error
will not easily accumulate so as to become in-
fnpportable, being kept down by thele orderl;
natural exertions of the community to relievi
themselves at an earlier stage of inconvenience
Too great a facility to change would, however
>e likely to produce fluctuation 1 ; injurious ti
>rder, peace, property, and indoftry, if not t(
iberty itlelf: but as the mode of performinj
he amendatory or alterative operations isflow
lid consequently deliberate, light or dangerou
changes would be very difficult to accompliA)
n this view there appears to be very littl
irobability, that changes from free or repre
entative government, will take place, or the
my modification of hereditary power will isi
ntroduced into the government either ol thi
Utes or of the union. Tbe people wi]l neve
teliberately cOnftht tp the abrogation of tli o
Vaufes in the feViral constitutions, which ex
ilicitly provide both in general Keriru, and ii
lirticular detail, lor.free or republican govern
nent: nor does.it ptifitlering th(
! ;orcc: o?perfe£ttort we have obtained and tin
roiiltant and moderate operations of the amen
latory claul'es, to accumulate fufficient publi
:vil or grievance to produce one of those con
/ulfions, which the ambitious are wont to feiz
is the moment to introduce by force, a defpo
ic government. Even local circumstance
:onfpire to favor the permanency of liberty ii
hefe states. Being too remote fiom any so
■eign nation, to tender a war,. requiring a grea
trmy> at all neceifary, that iiiftrunient,fooftei
-.fed by ambitious leaders, is not likely to >
ilaced within the reach of the enemies of free
lom, while the union remains entire. It i
vorthy of the mod particular observation am
emembrance, that a dissolution of our govern
nent would immediately open a door to thi
tanger, as the several states or little confede
acies, would each deem it prudent to maintai:
i larger army than is now requisite for thi
i,hole. The liiitory of Greece will inftrufl- u
hat by this, more than by any otKer poffibl
neafure, we Ihould be prepared for the milita
y domination of lome modern Philip, or lbm<
lew Alexander. A strong union and a tranqui
iberty would be mifcrably exchanged for fuel
i {late of things,
It is an evident truth that the penal laws o
hefe states, have beenkraduaily mitigated fines
he opocha of their incKpendence ; and it is nc
el's true, that the number of crimes does not
lear so great a proportion to the population,
was formerly the cafe, though an universal
elaxation of the police took place in the late
var. It is, perhaps, an ill iymptom of the date
f things, in a society, when mild laws, ftriflly
117
executed, are incompetent to the prefervat.ion
of order ard public happiness. Our penalcodei
are. upon the whole, anjong the least
ry ; and it is believed, they are not cruel, even
in those unhappy cases, which impel com
munitv to extremities. The constitution o<
the United States has extracted all the gall
from the punifiiment of offences against the na
tional fafety, by corre?&ing the rower of lep.i'
Jating concerning them with a niildnefs un
known to the fvltems of most countries. It i
honorable to the humanity and magnanimity o
the American people, that this proceeding flow
: d from them, almo'i unanimoudy, four year*
ifter the revolution war. Future ages will dc
juitice to a nation capable oi such an effort al
i moment so particular.
Taking the United States at large, there are
ew or no countries in which at this time, the
uft demands of private creditors can be ob
ained by a more certain, a more expeditious,
>r less expensive course ot legal process.
There are some local, and a very few general
gft&s yet existing ; but they are vaniftiing be
ore the ipirit of the general and most ot the
tate constitutions. There is no part of the
mblic conduit more striking than the firmnefs
vith which they have applied the caustic to
tera e tancer.% which had b - 1 «
;d tc they - pecuniary lyftem, principally from
.the -"'titious causes. It proves thecxiftence ot
:hat v irtue and fortitude, which qualify a nati
•n ibr republican government. 1 here aie lome
•xceptionable circumftanres yet to be done a
vav ; but the fucceisful eiiov ts which have been
nade, juftify a c onfident expectation, that they
V'i 11 n Id ere lop£ to the powers ar,d influences
vWich have eradicated much greater evii', of
\t lariie kind. j
When vr:
ON SEEING SOME CHILDREN AT .
SICHING I fee yon litlle troop at play;
By [orrow yet untouch'd ; unhurt by caic ;
While free and fpomvc they enjoy to day,
Content and earelefs of to-rnonow's fare !
O happy nge ! when Hope's unclouded ray
Lighi» their green path, aud prompts their fim
r-le mii'lh,
Fundamental
Th'-j' Ua* thin us thai lurking lay
Tv vound ilie wtctched pilgrims of the eatth
: i" rue the v jur that >:av« them biah,
Auti threw them on a world io foil of pain,
Where prosperous folly treads on patient woith
And to deaf pride misfortune pleads in vain
Ah ! for their future fare how many fears
Opprc is iny heart—and fill tny eyei» with tears !
FOR THE GAZETTE OF THE liK 11 ED STATES.
No. VII. I
REPRESENTATIVES in COKGKtSS.
Ttte importance of ele&ing men as rep'.efen
tatives hi Congress, who are firm friends
t» tbe present Co»4kitntior of the United States,
has been hinted si* i" the course of these ptibli-
cations. W'her. we take a retrofpeftive view
i f the circum fiances and iituation oi the Union
at large, and of this Commonwealth in particu
lar, and compare the pre'ent state of things
with this retrofpef", it would hardly seem i ecef-
I'ary to suggest the idea to the people, that federal
men, and Jcdcral measures, have done all that
:s been done—and that to feture and perpetu
ate -;:e bleffngs ef peace, credit and freedom, I
fedc ul men alone fliould be the object of atten
tion to I' c ficq citizen* of this State at the er
fuing ele&ion. —No State in the Union has more
to hope or to fear than Pennsylvania, from thqfe
mea'ures of government which shall be adopted
by the thi d Congress. Her local lituation
makes her in some measure the pivot of tho e
scales in which the fate of the U: ted States is
placed. By those wife and energetic measures
of the general government, which have been
adopted, an alteration has taker place in her
circumstances so much for the better, that every
mind divested of prejudice, and the venom oi
partv, is allonifhed at its contemplation. There I
is nointereft or profeflion in the State whatever,
which has not felt the aufpicions influence of
those menfure-—mealures which were eflefted
: by the federal part of the legislature in opposition
■ to the unremitted exertion* of those of a cliifer
; ent complexion—in oppoftion to the knovn,
: because often exprefled opinions of men, who
; are at this moment held tip as tai.d dates for
• the futfrages of this federal city and common
wealth.—lt is often fpecioiiflv observed, that it
is best to have'men of different fenMments in a|
legislative affembl) —that the coliifion of opi
nions serves to produce a more jtift decilion in
the end. Bet, under this pietext, there is the
greatcft danger of introducing characters who
would rejoice in the'opportunity of lubverting
the Conitltution, and reducing thele Oates to
their late abject and deplorable condition.—
There is no danger *>f tiuih'i dying for want ot
exercise. The world is lo full of* fyftem-mon |
gers, that there is commonly as many nioder, of
doing bufmefs suggested, as there are persons
I concerned, or have a voice in d:xe&in& it.—
SONNET.
— -*■«>- we e
[Whole No. 5^2.]
Some fay that it*Congrefs is composed of ft.de
ralifts only, there wifibe none to watch then*.
What fort of watchmen the lukewarm friend: ,
and the open enemies of the Constitution, havr
(hewn thenifelves to lie, let past experience tes
tify. Had the national legiftature heretofore
confided of a larger majority ®f federal charac
ters, it is evident to a demonstration that the
public huffmefs might have been tranfa&cd in
one half the time which was confirmed.
There is a general remark which I have
leard fuggeftcd, that if true, ought to be taken
ito cor, fide ration by theele&ors—and that is.
the weight of abilities throughout the union is with ti>r
JcderaiiJls, by a verx great preponderation —lor tho'
it is acknowledged that some of those in opposi
tion to the government and it? measures, are
men of talents, yet the number is very filial*-
but two or three such, having as yet been pro
duced by the whole continent 011 the public
heat re.
The people ought not to elect an antifederal
character to represent them in Congress; fucli
conduct would be no wiser than that of a com
mander of a fliip, who fhonld enter a sailor tiiat:
would take the fii lt opportunity to bore a hole
in the veflel's bottom.
-Foreign Affairs.
PAIII S, June 22.
THE Jacobin* are exerting every
nerve to recover their power by
inflaming the populace, but there is
no doubc government will now go oa
with order and firmnefs.
A Persian atftrefs here, of a inoft
beautiful person, is to have her head
cut off in the course of the week, for
issuing falfe afiignats. Every one la
ments her fatal destiny in the molt
pathetic manner. Her lover fufFers
with her for being an accomplice in
the bufineft.
Yellerday M. Petion waited on the
King, and drove hard to make his
majesty believe, that during the ever
memorable 20th of this month, the
constitution had not been in the least
particular violated, and thai every
iefpet r t which could be expetfted, had
been iliewn to him and the roysl fa
mily. The King anfweredy " Yoji
; have entirely infringed the conftitu-
tion so far as relates to the refpetft
due to my person. Were 1 weak
enough to cdnfefs the contrary, the
breaking open of nine different doors
to come to my apartments, by a furi
ous populace, would denionftrate that
1 had advanced a pusillanimous falfe
hood." M. Petion attempted to make
some oblervatiens, the King infilled
on his being silent. The national
guards are Hill under arms, altho'
no danger is apprehended for the
present moment. The Jacobins are
feathering fire and flames again 11 M.
de la Fayette, on account of the letter
which he had, they fay, the audacity
to write agninft their club, in which
he desired that it might be abolished.
Yesterday there was delivered to
the aliembly, the following letter
from the King :
" The National Aflembly is alrea
dy apprized of the events of yester
day. No doubt l'aris is full of con
-11 ei nation. I leave to the prudence
of the afiembly the management of
rhe conftitutiori, and alio the indivi
dual liberty of the hereditary repre
sentative of the people.
France will, with grief, learn what
has happened. /\s to me, nothing
{hall hinder me i'lom lteadily purl'u
ing, without the lead diftrult, the
views which are directed by the con
iiitution which 1 have iworn to main
tain, and to obtain thol'e ends which
it prescribes.
1 (Signed) LOUIS."
The callle of Bannes is re-taken,
the rebels having surrendered at dif
cietion. Du Saillan, and lonie of A the
other ringleaders, have, howe\er,
found means to el'cape.
Particular Detail of ths lrruptioti into the
7buiUerics by th* Paris Mob; on H'ed
nefday I act.
1 he King agreed, conformably to
the conftilbtion,. to i eceive a deputa
tion of 20 peril i s, and pointed out
J1 ./