of§
...
Saturday, May 12, 17^2.
No. 109, of Vol. lII.]
FROM THE AMERICAN MUSEUM.
REFLECTIONS on the STATE of the UNION
[concluded.]
rprt*; countrie; fouthof Pennsylvania are remarkably rich
1 in foflils. Coals, copper, iron, lead, and other mineral?
are found in either Virginia, North or South-Carolina or
Georgia, or all of them. Mineral appearances occur every
where. The promotion of manufactures is neceflarv to draw
these forth ; and as they have immense fore ft s of wood and
the molt powerful mill-dreams, there can be no doubt, 'that
they will be brought into use, as soon as those means fli'all be
adopted.
The family manufactures of the middle and interior coun
ties of Virginia, North-Caroli-ia, and the interior counties of
Georgia, South-Carolina, and Maryland, are said to be greater
in value, than the articles of foreign manufactures, which
they use; and were they universally awake to the facilitv
profits, and national importance of this mode of manufactur
ing, they might extend it much further, without impeding
their firming operations, while, at the fame time, they would
provide an use for their agricultural productions.
A fmgle (late, Pennsylvania, has upwards of fifty paper
mills, which work up materials of no value. The manufac
tures from those mills are computed at two hundred and fifty
thousand doUars—the hands employed in them do not exceed
one hundred and fifty, or two hundred. That ltate contaius
about one ninth of the people of the United States, and their
contributions to the expenses of the government and the i'n
tereil of the public debt, are confcquentlv about 400,000 dol
lars. Their paper-mills, therefore, indemnify them for five
eighths of their quota ! It is the duty of government to en
courage the otherftates to do the fame, especially as it can be
done by water means, and not by men diverted from their
farms. The southern states do not want a capacity for this
manufacture, which has acquired an eftabliflunent in Mary-
J and, and has appeared as far to the southward as North-Ca
rolina.
It may be fafcly affirmed, that the manufactures of leather
in the United States exceed in value all our annual bur
dens. We import few or no Ihoes. In each of the two last
years we have procured from abroad no more than 70,000
pair of .hoes and boots, for 4,100,000 of peop!e. If we use
only one pair and a half per annum per person, at fevcntv-five
cent,, they will amount to 4,500,000 dollars, which exceeds
e very demand of the general and state governments. The
hides, flans, bark, lime, thread, bridles, and wax, nav, the
the very heel-pegs, are all drawn from our lands and farms.
Recollecting this, aud similar facts, we cannot question the
utility of mamifaftures to the farmers, planters, and landed
interest If the manufacture of (hoes in this countrv, were
abolilhed, our annual debt to foreign countries would be in
creased to an amount equal to all our public contributions.
Similar observations might be made on several other articles
though no one to so great an extent.
The manufactures of wool in Oreat-Britain have been ftat
edby tneirminifters at 16,800,0001. sterling—and the simple
manufactures of liquors in that country are said to consume
twenty-five millions of bulhels of grain. Were there no other
proof,-, we could not doubt the importance of manufactures
to tbe agriculture- of that country. They nourilh and support
it. We make up all our woo!—our lands produce cotton with
great facility ; and we manufacture liquors as easily as Bri
tam. There is no doubt, that the latter branch already af
fords to our farmers an annual market for 1,500,000 bu(hels
of gram. This is well underltood and carried on
in all the southern states.
i he objection, that manufactures take the people from a
gnculture, is notfolid, aselfewhere observed ; since women,
children, horses, water, and fire, all work at manufacturer,
and perform four-fifths of the labour ; and as many manufac
turers migrate to the United States, it mav be fairly nueftion
ed, whether the (Quantity of agricultural induftrv is not in
creased by the impulse and demand arising from manufactures,
though a few cultivators fliould follow them. And it mav be
alked, whether a fanner does not raise the More cotton, flax
hemp, and wool, because his wife and daughters spin and
Weave them ?
The employment of the new medium, the public certificates
(which may be taken at 1 j,000,0001. fterlin ? J in a country that
formerly had not 3,000,0001. sterling of medium, renders ma
nufactures necefiary at this time. It may be said, lands will
employ it. But farms fold well at the time when 3,000,0001.
sterling was probably the utmofl: extent of our medium, and
cannot therefore give employment to the additional twelve
millions, though they might to a part of it. The firft applica
tion of this capital is intended to be made to the ftianufaffu -
ing of cotton, which is peculiar to the southern states. This
15 one method by which those states will be benefited by even
that part of the public debt, which they do not own. On this
important point more will be said hereafter.
More money is employed in manufafl-ures, than in foreign
commerce, because the gross value of exported article l : is
much lei"", than the gross value of manufactured articles. This
will not be doubted, when itfis remembered, that Ihoes alone
amount to several millions of dollars. These manufacturer
rinnot be deemed less important to the southern landholders
than foreign commerce ; and those proprietors will not be dif
pofcd to neglect foreign commerce, nor will they consider it
Hi lriCiative to their local interests.
u . . extract.
• It is reported of the Sybarite*, that they destroyed all
cir cocks, that they might dream out their morning dreams
v ltncut aifturbance. Though I would not so far promote ef
eimnacy as to propose the Sybarites for an example, yet since
"* v ls j nan so corrupt or foolifb, but that something ufe
u may e learned from him, I could wilh that in imitation
o a people not often to be copied, some regulations might be
na e to exclude screech owls from all company, as the ene
!..u ? ° and confine them to some proper receptacle,
■' ere tley may mingle flghs at lcifure, anti thicken the gloom
of one another."
FOR THE GAZETTE OF THE UNITED STATES.
MANUFACTURES
TT is often saul in conversation, that agriculture
A is the greatest inieielt of the American -peo
ple, and the foundation on which their wealth
and prosperity art fitpported. Thisisjuft, but
3 conclusion is drawn from the principle which
is not equally well founded. We often hear it
i emarked that agriculture being the belt interest,
it is improper to engage in manufactures. This
is carelessly aliened and admitted. But, is it
n tie that the interest of agriculture is injured by
our manufactures?— Our farmers will not easily
e pei fuaded that it is. What is done with (he
wool, flax, cotton, hemp, but to work them up.
All the iron made in the country is wrought in
ir. Would any man, in his wits, recommend
'hat all thele articles, which form the materials
of our in oft valuable manufactures, should no
longer be culiivated or attended to. The far
[ iner would fuffer, and the money of the country
nuift be lent out of it to buy the articles. What
has the farmer to apprehend from the increase
of manufactures ; that he will fell flax, hemp,
cotton and wool, on better terms, and in greater
quantities? The manufactures of the country
have grown up wonderfully since the protetftion
given them by the laws of the United States.
Since that increase, have not the farmers found
the advantage ? 1 hey have—and the new impolt
a<Jt will operate to extend the demand for the
pi oduce of i heir lands. The fail-cloth manufac
toi ies at Boston, and elfevvhere in the state of
Maflachufetts, have made a demand for all the
flax produced and offered at market, and the
price has risen with the demand. The farmers
in that instance receive a direct profit from the
manufactory. This is intended only as an in
stance-—many others might be adduced. They
all tend to refute the insinuations which are often '
made to rouse jealouly, on the thread-bare pre
sence that the eastern and southern states have
different interests, and that the farmers will be
facrificed to the manufacturers.
I he manufactures of the southern states ap.
pear, on enquiry, to be more advanced, as well
as moi e prosperous, than has been believed. But
if it was not I'o, it is hard to fee the damage sus
tained by the louthern states, by the middle and
eastern manufacturers buying their flax, wool,
cotton, hemp and coals, as well as their corn, to
feed them—all which is actually the cafe at pre
sent.
It is much to be wished that a brotherly affec
tion may subsist between tlie citizens of the dif
ferent states. If these remarks, trite as they
may appear, have any tendency to that end, the
delign of the writer will be accomplished.
ACTS, &c,
ajfed at the Fir ft Se/fion of the Second Cangrefs of the United States,
begun and held at the city oj Philadelphia, in the State of Pennfy!.
vama, on Monday the tuenty-Jourth of Ocloiet, one thousand teven
hundred and ninety-one.
Nmcmbcr 8. A N ACT granting farther time for makipjf return
J. A. the enumeration of the inhabitants in the dif
tnft of South-Carolina.
Dec. 16. An Ast for the relief of David Cook and Thomas
Campbell,
23. An A£i making appropriations for the support of go
vernment lor the year one thousand seven hundred
and ninety-two.
Jan. 3. An Ast for carrying into effect a contract between the
United Stairs and the Slate of Pennsylvania.
23. An Ast to extend the time limited for fettling the ac.
counts of the United States with the individual
Stales.
Feb. 16. An Ast concerning certain fifheries of the United
States, and for the regulation and government of the
filhermen employed therein.
to. An Ast to eftabiifh the poft-oflice and post-roads
within the United States.
March 1. An Ast relative to the cleftion »f a President and
Vice- President of the United States, and declaring
the officer who shall ast as President in cafe of va
cancies in the olficcs both of President and Vice-
Prcfident.
An Ast for making farther and more effectual provi
fton for the protection of the frontiers of the Uni
ted States.
19. An Ast declaring the consent of Congress to a certain
ast of the State of Maryland, and to continue for a
longer time an ast declaring the assent of Congress
to certain acts of the States of Maryland, Georgia
and Khode-Ifland and Providence Plantations, so
far as the fame refpefts the States of Georgia, and
Khode-Ifland and Providence Plantations.
Jan,
23. An Ast to provide for the fetilrmcnt of the claims of
widows and orphans barred by the limitations here
tofore eftablilhed and to regulate the claims 10
inralid penGonj.
■)
✓
V
'V
433
[Whole No. 517.]
2}. An Ast providing for the fatlement of the claims of
p ons. " m,cr Pellicular circumttances baricd bv
the limitations ht rctoforc fftahli ed.
71 ' °r """" widow '- °'ph»n 5 , in
vaiuis «tnd other prrfons.
28. An Ast fupplrmcnul totheaft for making farther and
more effrflual prov.iion for the protefttou ot the
frontiers of the United Stairs.
2. An Ast tor fiuiOiing the light-House 011 Baldhcad
N'onh m Ca U ro),nt thC S '" c
"uM&r m ' m • and resu,atin « ,h£Colns of
i 2. An Ast fupolcmentary to the ast for the establishment
public peers'. °' )ighUhoU,M ' b " cons . »»*
A0 S t t^ o New.;^ h, ' h °" rean M —"*«. » 'he
An Ast for ascertaining 'He bound, of a tract of land
purchased by John Cleve. Symmet.
An Ast tor fixing the eompenfation of the door-keep
ers of ( he Senate and House of Reprefcmatives iu
Congrels.
13. An Ast for altering the rimes of holding the circuit
courts in certain diftrifts of the United States, and
for other purposes
An Ast to compensate the corporation of trustees of
the public grammar school and acadcmy of Wil
mington, in the Sutc of Delaware, for the nccupal
tion of, and damages done to the said school, du
ring the late war.
I*. An Ast for apportioning rcprcfentanves amonj; the
fcveral S;ates according to the si.st enumeration
An Act concerning confuU and vice-consuls.
2t. An Ast authorizing the grant and conveyance of cet
tain lands to the Ohio Company of Ailociates
27. An Act 10 indemnify the estate of the late M.ior-Ge
neral Nathaniel Greene, for a certain bond entered
into bv him during the late war.
i. An Ast for railing a farther sum of money for the pro
trfton of the frontiers, and tor other purposes there
in mentioned.
An Ast to provide for callitig forth the militia to exe
cute the laws of tin Union, suppress infutrefttons
and repel invasions.
5. An Ast for the relief ot perfotis imprisoned for debt.
An Ast authorizing the grant and conveyance of cer
tain lands to John Clevei Symmes, and his affociatesj
A to alter the lime of the next annual mectinr
of Congress. "
8. An Ast conccrningthe duties on spirits distilled with
in the United States.
An Ast relative to thecompenfations.to certain officers
employed in the collcft.on of the duties of import
and tonnage.
An Ast to continue in force the ast intituled, « An Ast
to provide for mitigating or remitting the penalties
and forfetturs accruing under the revenue laws in
certain cases, and to make farther provifton tor the
payment ot pensions to invalids."
An Ast supplemental to the ast making provision for
the debt of the United States.
An Ast 'or making competitions to the commiflion
e>s of loans for extraordinary cxpenfes.
An Ast riiaking alterations in the treasury and war
departments.
An Ast making certain appropriations therein fpecified
An Ast to provide for a copper coinage.
An Ast for regulating proctlfes in the courts of the
United States, and providing compenf.tions tor the
officers of the said couna, and for iutors and wit
nrffej.
April
May
An Ast concerning the claim of John Brown Cutting
agamft the United States. 5
An Ast to compensate the services of the late colonel
George Gibfon.
An Ast more effrftually to provide for the national
defence by eftablilhing an uniform militia through
out the Unite d States.
An Ast refpefting the government ol the Territory of
the United Sutes, North-Weft and South of the Ri.
ver Ohio.
Rcfolve directing the Secretary of the Treasury to
turnith the several collcftors with printed Clearan
ces, dating the accounts of the methods that kave
been used to obtain irelh water Irom fait, & c .
EXTRACTS.
" When fortune frowns, and friendfhip stands aloof—when
the forlorn viaim lies stretched on the bed of auguifh with
miferv and want pictured before him—the pleafmg the'vene
rable form of religion presents herfelf to his view—fpeaki
joy and consolation to her humble votary—(hews him thede
lufions of riches, and the vanities of worldly plealure. Hij
groans are changed into triumphs—as his misfortunes accu
mulate, his hopes increase—and the pillar of his fortitude is
the wretchedness of his condition—with the fapeof antiquity
he may fay, "Alas! he fliould ljave perilhec', had he notbeen
undone."
" Pure and genuine religion does not consist in the difguft
mg feveritv of a puritanical outside ; nor does it in the lead
depend on nominal diftinftions, as was formerly imagined !
wlreu the difference of a single letter, in a term of favored or
thodoxy, opened wide the field of controversy where the be
nevolent spirit of christianity was facrificedto theological ran
cour, the church torn into schisms, and her wreatfi of victory
was t.\e blood of her children. As well might the intrinsic
worth and excellence of a jewel be ertimated from the caflcet
in which it happens to be inclosed, as the goodness of religion
measured by external forms, or inferred from modes of faith.
It is built on the love and reverence of the Supreme Being
and an unfliaken belief in the words of sacred truth, joined to
a warm and practical benevolence towards all our fellow be
ings--?iety and virtue are its everlaftmg pillars, faith and
charity being the chief corner Hone."