Eftunate of the present value ofthellaves in
»he Britifli Iflauds in the Weft-Indies, diftingruifb
ing each island. The slaves in as] the islands are
estimated at 401. each, except in Bermudas, where
they are estimated at 451.
Jamaica)
Antigua,
Montlerrat,
N cv i s,
St. Christopher's,
Virgin Islands,
Barbadocs,
Grenada,
St. Vincent,
Dominico,
Bjhamas,
Bermudas,
InTEW-YORK, July 15.
On Saturday last a boat belonging to a Portu
guese vellel in this harbour, lately from P'ayal,
having been to Long Island to fill several calks
with water ; on her return, the people feeing
unacquainted with the set of the current ill the
East River, were drifted below Governor's Is
land ; a heavy squall arising about the fame
time at south-west, and meeting the ebb tide,
railed so ihort and hollow a sea, as to founder
the boat, and leave the people adrift. Mellis.
William Colles, butcher, and Peter Van Nof
trand, fail-maker, perceiving their distress arid
imminenr danger, at the risque of their own
lives, generously put off at this critical moment
in a small boat, from the Whitehall, and were
fortunate enough to save the people, who nttift
I'oon have perilhed, had not this timely alfiltance
arrived to their relief.
OF JURIES.
Extract from a fpach oj judge Wilson
IT may seem, at fiift view, to be foniewhat ex
traordinary, that twelve men, untutored in the
study of juri fp. uclence, should be the ultimate
interpreters of the law, with a power to over
rule the directions of the judges, who have made
it the lubjedt of their long and elaborate re
searches, and have been raised to ilie feat of
judgment, for their profeflional abilities ati-cl
Jkill. But a deeper examination of the subject,
will reconcile us to what, at fiift, may appear
incongruous. In criminal cases, the design is,
as iias been already intimated, closely interwo
ven wjth the tranfatftion ; and the elucidation of
both depends 011 a collected view of particulars,
arising not only from the testimony, but also
from the character and conduct of the wit-nefies,
and sometimes likewise from the character and
conduct of the ptifoner. Of all thcfe the jury
are fittelt to make the 1 proper comparison and
estimate; and, therefore, it is molt eligible to
leave it to them, after receiving the direction of
the court in legal questions, to take into their
confiderarion all the circumstances of the cafe,
the intention, as well as the facts, and determine
upon the Whole, whether the conduct of the
prisoner has or has not been within the meaning
of the law.
Juries undoubtedly may make mistakes—they
niav commit errors—they may commit grols ones
—bur, changed as tliey conltantly are,' their er
rois and miltakes can never grow into a dange-
system : The native uprightness of their
sentiments will not be bent under tlie weight <U
precedent and authority. Befidrs, their mil
takes and their errors, except the venial ones on
the fide of mercy, made by travcrfe juries, are
not without rediefs.
Philadelphia, July 20.
Further European accounts by the latest arrivals -in brief.
The British Mimftry informed a deputation nf the Ruffian mer
cantile company, that there appeais a great degree ot probsbiliiv
that ffiips falling from London, under such circumstances as would
enable them to leave the Ruffian ports with their cargoes l,v the
middle of July, would not be endangered by reason of anv event
ol the prefe nt negociation with the Court ot PeteriWgh — Lenttin
ncgociationsJelaom terminate in icar. 6 *
IVyrouit*. the great Gallic circumnavigator, is fafe Accounts
are received from him, w.th maps, t*a, & c . ot his com fe, down
to his arrival at Botany-Bay.
Remittances to the amount of i60,00®1. w.ere received from the
United States by the merchants in the Portland Packet
"Which arrived at FalmoutTlthe beginning of May.
France dill proceeds happily in the great work of the revolu
tion, liotwithftandiHg all the arts of the enemies of that important
undertaking— 90 millions of Aflignats have been burnt. Sonu
ferious disturbances however prevail in the neighbourhood ot
Avignon.
The King of $acdii)?a, anticipating the influence of the French
example, has wifely aboliftied a number of feudal grievances in
his kingdom.
T 1 1 nfalfing immense preparations for the ensuing
campaign. The new G«and Vizir, Julfup Pacha, is indefatigable
in forming mag;.7^B/and colletting an army which it is said is
to be commanded by the Sultan in person.
In our lad we mentioned that the insurgents in the Comtat Ve
iiailfon, frontiers of France, who were besieged by the patriotic
farmy in Carpeniras, offered to capitulate on the 21ft April. Sub
cquent accounts extend the ficge of that place to the 29th of the
amemouth,and ho mention of acapituiation; on that day the
besieged made a fallv, and took 2 pieces of cannon. The Patriots
oi Avignon, it i s affirmed, have bad near 900 men killed and
wounded.
There has been a warm debate in the Britifli House of Commons
•n the Canada Bill, or rather on the fubjeft oi Conilitutions of
£. IQ, 240,000
j.5i~,,320
400,000
336.800
81 7,4'j0
:6Q,000
2,484,000
957)°4°
574, IRO
598.680
$9,640
221.355
Total,
'8,491-355
\ )
Government. Mr. Pitt, Mr. Burke, and Mr. Fox, appear to have
aken the mo ft conspicuous parts. JBurkc inveighed in a lengthy
invest vc against the French Revolution ; he was <o intemperate in
his «"ifp. i (ions on the new couftitution of th,at coutitry, that he has
been pitied by the E'nglifh paragraphias as a mail in a state of rn
-1 anl ly. Mr. Fox cxprefled [limi'elf as highly in favor of the revo
lution—pointed personalities pa/Ted between him and Mr. Burke,
so that a mutual renunciation of all political and'focial intercourse
took place. Mr. Put's - ondu&on this occasion is complimented —
he in . rpofed as a mediator, and prcferved a digntty ot deport
ment worthy ot a great mind. Mr. Burke (trongly insinuated that
oiots and conspiracies against the peace of the country, and the
Britilh couftitution, were on loot ; but did not fully explain him
fclf—His insinuations did not appear to produce any cifeft on the
ho use.
The society of the friends to the constitution at Paris, went into
mourning as a mark of iei pe£l to ihd -memory of Dr. Price,
friend of liberty and ot man/ ■ '
ExtraS of a letter from llcjlon, July 10.
1 he author of Pukhcola is nor known ; some suppose one per
son and fomeanother, but there'is ti6 solicitude discovered about
it; people arc too much engaged in business to attend to newspa
per wi iters; very few cvpn read their Icing fpecillations—-the gene
lal idea is that we have fijenrtime enough to form Conftiiutions;
and now we have a government, anv change is contemplzted with
disgust. '
It will not be e»fy for demagogues to stir up ftrife and raise a
duff at this time—the predictions of the enemies to the govern
ment and its institutions, have been generally proved falfe by ex
pel ience and faffs, which again have confirms the confidence of
the people in its friends, as their favorable anticipations have been
more than realized.—-Those therefore who wilh to bccomr great
by reducing really great men to little ones, will m*et with a due
reward, dilappointment and chagrin.
As to Paine, he has great merit in pulling down bad govern
ments, and in opposing fad men (Bui ke in particular) but I do
■licit suppose him the bed qualified 10 /orm a Constitution.—His
motives I believe were laudable in writing against Buike, ani the
world w: 1 i allow him the merit ofhis labors. Your city it fecms
1 as its wrongheads; as well as less enlightened places; the egotic
pamphlet against the national bank is too poor a thiwg for any one
except a political eunuch to father; but America.must. itfeems,
liaveoth t kiuas of heads as well ;;.s clear-heads. Beforethis
reaches you it will be (een how much thiifWdnllerful pamphlet
has operated to prevent fubferiptions to (Ke'fcShk : It is conjectur
ed here, that the whole will be fubfenbed m a lew days alter the
books are opened.
Should the firft fcflion of the next Congress pals with tolerable
harmony, and their decisions be marked with wisdom, the go
veinmcnt may then be considered as firmly fixed, even by the
Cid doubters. Cur in our free country, some mull have liberty to
abuse liberty. May heaven in mercy to mankind pieferve our
general government as an example and blefling to the world."
The Commissioners appointed to receive Sub
scriptions for the Bank of ihe United States, have
agreed to call a meeting of the Stockholders, to
he held in Philadelphia on the 2i(t of OJtobcr
n.ext, for the choice of Directors, agreeable to
law.
/ very interefti) g and important treaty is now
)/lding at Newton, 011 the Tioga, by Col. Pick
yi,!g> with a large body of Indians 600 of
thorn arrived there on the 29th ulr. On tire
dinftant the business was opened by a concilia
ory speech from Col. Pickering.. The treaty ap
>ears so far to be strongly marked with traits of
leace and friendfliip, which Jeads to a hope that
c will terminate very favorably on both fides.—
he following judicious remarks occur in a
[jeech of one of the Sachems
" In the last war, when we heai d that bro-
thers were going to fight againfi: brothers, we
thought it ftrange—wecould hardly believe that
people of the fame blood would rife up arid de
stroy one another—we saw that they could not
fetch a clear stroke, because Lhey could scarce
ly diftmguifh between friends and enemies.—lf
we had had our senses about us, we fliould not
have taken up the tomahawk on either fide—we
Might to have let you alone, until yon became
irothers again, and then joined you as friends."
In the debate on the Canada Bill, in the BritiCh
House of Commons, several of the speakers on
bo«h fides of the question alludetf to the Consti
tution of the United States. Mr, J'ox, in parti
cular, "recommended (in framing a tbnftitution
for Canada) an imitation df thegnvernment of
the United States of America, wlVich he declared
to be THE Bi- S T GOVERNMENT SOW EXISTING.
He suggested this modification not as an enemy
to ariUocracy, but as a friend. When the seve
ral parts of the constitution are happily blended,
fajd he, there is less danger of corruption."
is to the honor of the kngli/h'tJovernment,
pat every fubjetft with which the rights of men
EJio the intererts of humanity are> connected,
'meera with the moll: ample and independent dif
cnllion—and tho it is to be regretred that their
decisions are not always agreeable to the fenti
inents of (onie of their belt characters, yer thf
happiest confequencesmutt eventually rei'ult from
such a free ill veUigation as almost every topic
undergoes in the deliberations of both branches
.of their government.
A proposal for re-publi&ing by fttbfcription
rhe Pobms of Ph'tllu Wheatky, an African, is if.
sued by Thomas <7 Andrews', of Bolton : To which
w ill be added (never before publillied) her Pos
thumous Work s, confiding of Poems on various
1 übjects, and Letters to eminent persons in Great-
Britain and America, with their Answers—Price
One Dollar. riie book to contain 300 paces
demy duodecimo.
Among the Letters is an elegant Epillle from
the /rcjident of the United States, several Letters
from the celebrated Gilbert Sharpe, L. L. D.&c.&c.
and Original Thoughts on Poetry, by Henry Hul
tou, Lfq. Comptroller of the Cuftoins at Antigua.
95
- ■ •. -commuiCAZi&m. ,
THRRE is an independency of foul which some
men poftefs, that the generality of their cotetn
poraries can form 110 idea of.,
I It has been aliened thatwifdom is always with
jthe majority—the alfertion, if capable of demou-
Y''aiion, would save mankind an infinity of Ja
ipur in their refearch.es to find out the residence
as the goddess. T his opinion is however fotind
jd on a (Vippolttion of constancy, couliftency and
/inifonnity, which cannot be predicated of any
(man or body of men for any series of years.
" rhe fnccefs of certain events in thiscoun
try (fays an extract in a late New-York paper)
has been ascribed io individuals; events, which
in reality were either accomplished by the fpiric
of the people, or the blunders and mistakes of
enemies."
1 he disappointed envy ant! malice of some
characters in tile world, have been discovered ou
in anv occasions,- but it was hardly to have been
expected, that they would have blundered oil lo
palpable a misrepresentation as the above, This'
is truly a modern discovery. There is Hot an in
dividual, in the United States, nor in any part of
the civilized world, who does not know, that
knows any thing, that the salvation of America
was efFeified thro the wjfdom of those plans which
were formed by " individuals." 7he people
railed to power those whom they considered as
their bell friends and wisest patriots ; the people
were not difap'pointed—thofe " individuali"
sketched the outlines of freedom, empire, and'
happiness for the (Jnited States—the people being
properly enlightened in their duty, executed the
plans that were designed by these " hi dividual!—
and while, a free, an independent, grateful fehti
ment, shall glow In she brealt of a free citizen of
these ftates,tliat iTliillrious roll of worthies which
they have been.in the habit of honoring foleng,
shall contjiiue to receive their grateful applauses.
Another modern discovery is, that the hbn.
Continental Convention, which aflembled in this
city in the. year 1787, did not 1 form that consti
tution which they proposed to the people; and
to which the members, with ilie Pi efident at rheir
head, affixed their fignarures. " Almolt all im
portant hims (it seems) were taken from com
munications, the authors of which may never be
mentioned; aud the plan was adopted, not in
vented, by thoje who will have the hidorical
fame thereof"—it is easy for some men to fay any
thing—truth and fallltood form no differing ideas
in their minds. '1 he above infintiations are a
bai efaced attack on the doctrine of reprefenta
tion—for if this illustrious convention of the ge
nius and patriotism of A merica, was incompetent
to the objeif* of/A.'/r appointment, we may aban
don all liqpes of ever beholdjjiga representation
of the people, which shall be adequate to any
good purpose wharever.
APPOjNTMEN I"S.—BY AUTHORITY.
Uilliam Smith, Esq. ot Baltimore, Auditor of the Trea
" C " ™co», Es q . appointed
Esq. of this City. Judge of the Diftrift
ourt for I , of Pmnfylvania—vice Francis Hopkinfo.i,
ilq. dectaled, 1 '
From PELOSI's MARINE LIST.
ARRIVALS at the PORT of PHILADELPHIA.
Ship Alexander,
Brig Hclly, Davis,
Barque IlDpc, Makins,
Sl'iop Defiance, M'Cann,
— Clara, M'Williams,
Industry, Green,
PRICE ,C\JRRENT. —PUBLIC SECURITIES
FUNDED DEBT.
6 pr. Cents ,8/9 , 9 / pr .£. gs pr . cem .
3P/-Certts ?°/9 * 53} on
Defeied 6 pr. Ccnt> ,o/q j'
UNFUNDED DISS.. . \ ' >
Final Setll. and othei Certificates 884 * do.** r
Indent s <jo v
N. and S. C>rolina debts, 13'/ 1 i/g. j
Bank Subfciiptions, - DolltrJ>
A PRINTING APPARATUS compleat, AND a.
NEWS-PAPER ESTABLISHMENT.
ANY youoj Man, of rcfpeftablc charafler, cap.ibleof condaS.
ing the PRINTING BUSINESS in its different branches
may have an opportunity of engaging as a PART*®*, in a laree
commercial town, where the present. income and profpefls are
l"ghly flattering to those ot an induflrious turn. A small fom
r' recjutfted in hand, and furH„r particulars explained in
perfcn, by addressing a line to Z. at .the Bar of the
Merchants and Exchange Coffee-Houfe.*
Philad. July 20, 1791. "
gray l ! gar dln's.
A of y° cal and Inftru mcntl Music will begin on
TH . b . RSI ? AY the siftofjuly.at 4 o'clock in the Afternoon,
and conclude at 9 at right, Ihould (he day be fair.
Tickets delivered at one quarter of a dollar, at the Bar.
Song s with harmony and martial music, will be performed
The (tup Union, JreflVd with the colours of the different nati
ons m alliance with the Unit, d States, and elegantly lighted at nifiht.
The mill Icene on a plan entiicly new.
The goddess Indcpendency, an emblematical transparent piece
of painting, tery large, will be exhibited in the day, and illiimi
minated at night.
Three paintings transparent, one of the iiluflriooj Prrfident of
the United States, one of the immortal Franklin, the other, the
patriotic General de la Fayette, a> large as the lile; together with
several other tianfparent figures and landscapes.
T he illuminations will be moic extensive than any heretofore.
Ciay's Ferry, July 18. G. & R GRAY.
Newry.
Cape-Francois.
Sligo.
New-Providence.
Virginia.
Frenchman's Bay,
; M