PUBLISHED WEDNESDAYS AND SATURDAYS BY JOHN FENNO, No. 69, MARKET.STREET, BETWEEN SECOND AND THIRD STREETS, PHILADELPHIA.
[No. 55, of vol. ll.] Saturday, November 6, 1790.
Discourses on Davila.
No. XXIJI. — CONTINUED
Utrumque regem, fua muliitudo con!a!u:aven!
/CATHARINE hoped, that by conducting with
ability, the reins of the itatc would return
to her hands. She fir ft thought of making Cure
of the Princes of Lorrain. A negotiation so de
licate and thorny, ought not to be confided to any
but the ablest hands. The Oaeen, after having
cast her eyes on several perlbns, fixed them at
last on the IVfarihal de Saint AnSre, as the man of
the court the molt proper to assure her success.
She sent for him, and after several difcourfes,the
result was, that it would be impoliible to termi
nate the differences of the two parties, without
Cumuli and war, but by relaxing somewhat of
their pretentions, by ceding a part oil both fides,
and making the Queen the nrbitratrix of their
interest. J hat by this plan, the two parries,
without yielding one to the other, would appear,
from refpedt, and for the peace of the public, to
give way to the mother of their King, who lliould
hold the equilibrium between the Gufjs and the
Bourbons,
f lie Queen was a politician refined enough to
pretend ihat flie was indebted for rliis council to
the prudence of the Marftial, rather than that she
had fuggeft:-d it to hiin, which was the I'aCi.
The ,;n •!, jadging without paflion that this
P'"' j vv 1 ;, e very convenient to the slippery
a ioiib nation in which the Guifts Hood,
u: ,'j: ut negotiate with their party. Upon
th> p. opolltion which he made of it to the Duke
and Cai dinal, and which they brought into de]i
beration in an aflembly of their confidents; the
opinion of these, and even of the two brothers,
Weredivided. ihe Duke, who had more cauti
on and moderation than his brother, yielded to
the accommodation, which was to leave him in
possession of the governments and riches which
lie held frpm the liberality of the late Kings.
But the Cardinal more ambitious and mere vio
lent, rejetSed all compromises, and pretended
that they would preserve their power in the
fame degree, as they hadexercifed it under Fran
cis Id. Ihe fentimentof the Duke was approv
ed by the cardinal tie Tournon, the Marshals Brif
fac and Saint A'idrt, and above all by Sipiere, the
advicc of all which perfoiiages had a weight,
which accompanies an high reputation for pru
dence justly acquired. Al! judged it fufficient for
the Guifts to preserve their credit and honors,
and preserve theriifelves for circumstances more
favorable ; and the result they communicated to
the Queen by Saint Andre, and left to her the
choice of means the most proper to treat with
the King of Navarre.
There remained (till a greater obstacle to over
come : roappeafe the facftion of the discontented
Princes : an enterprize which many thought im
possible and chimerical : but the Queen, who
perfectly knew the characters and "lifpofitions
of the perlons with whom she had to treat, did
not delpair of obtaining her end. The King of
Navarre had for his principal confidents, Defcars
Gascon, and Lsoneourt, Biihop of Auxerre. Def
cars had a contracted genius and little experi
ence ; Leonoourt was a designing politician, but
folelyintent upon his own fortune. The Queen
secretly gained Both, by approaching each on his
weak fide. She dazzled Defeats with presents
andamufed him with specious reasonings. And
£he excited in the Biihop of Auxerre, hopes of ec
clesiastical benefices and dignities which he could
not easily obtain by the sole credit of the King of
Navarre. They both promifed,under the pretext
of giving faithful and sincere council to their
mailer, to favor the negotiations which tended to
bring the two parties together, and commit the
regency to the Queen mother.
The Dutchefs of Montpenftcr, carried the firft
proposals of accommodation. Her candor and
franknefs, had gained the confidence of the
Queen : and her taste for the new opinions, had
attached her to the King and Queen of Navarre.
In the progress of things, Carrouges and Lanfac,
Lords of cor.fummate prudence,entered insensibly
into this negotiation. By means of these persons
rheQueen proposed to the Kiag of Navarre three
conditions, i. To let at liberty all who had
been arrested for the conspiracy of Amboife, the
Prince of Condi, Madam dt Roye, and the Vidame
de Cbartres ; and to annul by the Parliament of
Paris, the sentence againlt the Prince. 2. To
create the King of Navarre, lieutenant-general of j
the kingdom, on condition that the Queen had
the t;tle and authority of regent. 3. so obtain
of the King of Spain the reftituion of Navarre.
The confidents of the King of Navarre, exagge
rated to him these advantages ; they represented
to hitu that the name of regent, a title without
reality, was but an empty and Ipecious found,for
which he would be abundantly recouipenfed by
the power and authority, which would be given
him over the provinces ; prerogatives in which
confided the effective governmsnt of the king
dom. That the glory of deliveringthe Prince of
Conde, by the humiliation of his enemies, joined
to the hope of re-establishing forever his lioufe,
in its original splendor, left him no room to he
firate. It is not a time, said thty, to Cornell with
rigor against enemies so powerful. You have to
combat the prejudices, which your enterprizes
against the ltare have excited. Why, upon the
brink of a precipice, do you indulge chimerical
hope£ deputies of the jlatcs. are almojl all, de
voted to the ivilt of the Qjieen and the Guises, whv
have chosen them at their pleasure and gained them to
their irjterefts. If theafFair is left to their decision,
it is to be feared that their partiality, will incline
them to exclude the I'rinces from the govern
ment, and commit it to the Cnifes, which would
infallibly accomplilh the final ruin of the lioufe
of Bourbon :
These reasons shook the refulution of the King
of Navarre, and disposed him to follow these
councils : but he was ltill reitrained by the
Prince at Condi, whose keen refenttnent and de
sire of vengeance, rather than solid reasons, ex
cited to advise the contrary. The Duke de Mont
penjier and the Prince dc la Rhocke-fur-yon, sup
ported those who negotiated an accommodation.
Both were of the lioufe of Bourbon, bat of a branch
more distant from the royal-stock, and had not
meddled in these troubles. (To be continued.)
MR. LKDYAPOX
[The jo 11 owing is extracted from different parts of
the Journal of Mr, Ledyard } who was ferit out from
England by the s/jfo-ciation, for protnoting the disco
very of the interior parts of Africa.]
" A TRAVELLER, who Ihonld, by just compa
risons between things here and in Europe,
tel! his tale ; who, by a mind unbewitched by
antecedent descriptions, too strong, too bold, too
determined, too honest, to be capable of lying,
fliould speak just as he thought, would, no doubt,
be esteemed an arrant fool, and a stupid coxcomb.
—Per example, an Englishman who had never
seen Egypt, would alk me what fort of a woman
anEgyprian was ? If I meant to do the question
as much justice by the answer, as I could in my
way, 1 Ihould ask him to take notice of the fir it
company ofgyplies hefaw behind a hedge in Es
sex ; and I suppose he would be fool enough to
think me a fool.
" August: 14. I left Alexandria at midnight,
with a plcafanr breeze north ; and was at fun-rife
next morning at the mouth of the Nile, which
has a bar offand across it, and foundings as irre
gular as the sea, which is raised upon it by the
contentions of currents and winds.
" The view in failing up the Nile is very con
fined, unless from the top of the mast, or some
other eminence, and then it is an unbounded
plain of excellent land, miserably cultivated, and
yet interspersed with a great number of villages,
both on its banks, and as far along the meadows,
as one can fee in any dire<ftion. The river is al
so filled with boats palling aiid re-pafling ; boats
all of one kind, and navigated in one manner,
nearly also of one lize, the largett carrying ten
or fifteen tons. On board of these boats are seen
onions, water melons, dates, sometimes a horse,
a camel (which lies down in the boat) and ftieep,
goats, dogs, men and women. Towards evening
and morning they liavemufic.
" Whenever we flopped at a village, I used to
walk into it with my condu&or, who, being a
Muflelman, and a descendant from Mahommed,
wore a green turban, and was therefore refpe<S
ed, and I was sure of lafety : but in truth, drefled
as 1 was, in a common Turkifli habit, I Ihould
have walked as fafely without him. I saw 110
propensity among the inhabitants to incivility.
The villages are moll miserable aflemblages of
poor little mud huts, flung very close together
without any kind of order, full ofduft, lice, fleas,
bed bugs, flies, and all the curses of Moles : peo
ple poorly clad,the youth naked—in such respects
629
Hkso
[Whole No. 159.]
they rank infinitely l>elovv any lavages I ever fa\v.
" The common people wear nothing but a shirt
and drawers, and they are always blue. Green
is the royal or holy colour ; none but the defen
dants ot Mahommed, if I am rightly informed,
being permitted to wear it."
PARIS, August 8,
THE mystery made yeftcrday in the National Affcmbly of the
names of the two Members accused by the Chatelet, of hav
ing been concerned in the scenes of violence that palled at Ver
laillcs, the sth and 6th of October, 1790, is ftifHcieritly explained
by the following report of that tribunal, puhlifhed this dav, viz.
Chatelet, August 5 and 6.
" THE Chatelet of Paris has hern fitting thrfe two days part,
to hear the report ot the invelfigation of the affair of the cth and
6th of October talt.
" By judgment without appeal (en dcrnicrrc rrflortc) it has been
ordered, That information ihould continue to be tak.n, and thai
111 the mean time, a pcrfon of the name of Nicholas, (known by
the designation of the man with the long lie»rd) MadonoiiclJe
Tcroine de Mcricourt, a m?n of the name of Atjnaud, a name of
Louise Keine le Due, and a man ol the namcol Ulangey, Ihould be
apprehended.
*1 hat certain persons unknown, (thirteen in number, several
of whom were dressed 11: women's; clothes, and whole delcripttoit
We think, useless to give) be likewifc appieheudcd.
" Asalfo, that M. Louis Poil, d'Orlcaui, and Mirabetu
the elder, deputies of the National Afl'embly, appealing to be lia
ble to be apprehended, copies of the depositions Hull be presented
to the National Alfembly, 111 conformity with the decrees ot the
26th of June, fanCHonrd by the King, that the AfTcmbiy may
take fucb ftcps as it may think proper."
THE mysterious packet was opened on Monday la(l, by the
committee, when, the proofs appearing fiitficiendy iliong, the
two members accused, were immediately taken into custody.
" The young Mirabeau (le Vicompte) is supposed to hdve been
a party, as, on their apprehension, he immediately disappeared.
The objett of this conspiracy, it is said at Paris, was to remove
the King, and that on that occasion, he owed his life to accident.
t; Opinions are however divided, and the Duke and M. Mira
beau aienot without their supporters, who fay that the whole is a
plot of the Marquis de la Fayette ! "
The Viscount Mirabeau is said to have absented himfelf, since
Wednesday last, from Paris, and from his dutiet at the National
AfTembly, without any one's knowing what is bccome of him.
It isfufpe&ed by some that he had favored M. Bonne Parvardin's
cfeape from priion, and hearing of his being taken into
did not chufeiowait the event. The latter gentleman was expect
ed to be brought a prisoner to Paris to night, and from his exam
ination much insight is expe&ed to be got in the supposed project
of a counter-revolution. Some of the public pretend thai thisprd
je£t is not yet given up, and that fiequent councils are held at Aix
la-Chappdlc, by M. de Broglio, and several refugee lieutenant ge
nerals. In the mean time tht examination of d'Hofiei and Petit
Jean ftili continues, but no information can be obtaiued from
NATIONAL ASSEMBLY OF FRANCE.
The patriotic contribution ot Monsieur was this day announ
ced to amount to 500,000 livres, the fourth of his annual income.
The fubfeription of this prince rendered an early homage to the
equalizing ric.-crie of the Aflembly. It was (imply Lou 1 s Stan
islaus Xavier, de France. No vcltige of his diitin&ion
ot Monsieur, or ot his title of Compte de Provence, remained ;
and the fublcription of the next brother 10 the King was not to
be diftmguiQicd from that of the most obfeure citizen. It was
natural to expect so exemplary a tribute to the laws, from this ref
peflable Prince, whose conduct through the whole progvefs of
the revolution has been so unfulpicious and unoffending.
Mr. Neckar's letter was read, in vindication of himfclf from
the charges of M. Camus, relative to the anticipations in favor oF
M. le Compte d' Artois, and Madame de la Mark. He denied pofi.
lively the fubftauce of cither aceulation : what, however, he had
done, was undoubtedly at the command of the sovereign. His
epistle was conceived in terms of strong diflatisfa&ion and <iifguft.
He complains of unjuflifiible dillruft towards a man, who had
ever anxiously laboicd for the prolpcrity of the nation. In no
ticing the calumny calf upon him by an unkown person, relative
% to the concealment of 600 millions of the national treasure, he thus
cxpreffes himfelf : *
" I earneflly requefl that the assembly will fever ely search into the par
ticulars vfthat accusation* and by a speedy examination of my account
d diver me from the aspersions of my enemies. lam the more anxious—
I hop; becomingly so —for such an audit, as it will be the herald of my
abproaching peace, in a retirementfrom the tempers of aflive life, and
the conflart tormznt of continual vigilance. Yes, gentlemen, I will then
depart in the hovefl confidence of integrity and zeal. Certain that my
duty has never been deviated from a moment, Jfhall, with alacrity, fu(-
mit to whatever scrutiny the representatives of the nation may deem ne
cejfary in my particular to make ; not dreading invefligation, where dif
cfofure will be surely honorable, as more clearly evincing to the world
the purity of my purposes, and the difficulties of my office, and how
hardly indeed I have laboured—to be rewarded at length with suspicion
and clamor."
To so much firmnefs and free representation, from a great man,
opprefled by affairs absolutely inextricable, the AHembly were
by no means insensible. The deepest iinpreflion was made upon
the minds of all present, assisted too by the indisposition of the
foverexgn.
LONDON, September 2
Great efforts are to be made, soon after the meeting of the next
parliament, to have the trade to Hudson's Bay thrown open in
discriminately to all the fbbjelU of Great-Britain. It is thought
the Hudson's Bay company, at present consisting of only nine or
ten persons, will be the less anixous to have their exclusive privi
lege continued, as they do not now find their trade with the coun
tries about that bay, so advantageous as before we get poffeflion
of Canada. The company's charter was granted to them in the
year 1670 for an exclusive trade tothofe parts, and ever since they
have kept up a constant annual intercourse, with four large ship*
navigated by 130 seamen. Their several Forts are now gairifon
ed by about 190 or 200 men. They export commodities to thr
valueof i 6,0001. and bring home returns to the value of
which yield to the public revenue 37341. —This commerce, small
JULY 26.
August 1