c
DISCOURSES ON DAVILA.
My foul aches,
To know, w:un two authorities arc up,
Neither supreme, how foou coutufion
May cuter 'iwixt the gap of both, and take
The one by the othct. Shakespzar.
WHtN the King is of age, and allilts at the
States General, the deputies had the pow
er to consent to his demands ; to propose what
they judge neceflary tof the good ot the differ
ent orders of the Hate ; to make their fubmiflions
in the name of the people to new impolts ; to
establish ana accept of new laws, and new regu
lations ; but when the minority of the Prince,
or fjme other incapacity hinders him to govern
by himfelf, the states have a right in cafe of con
testation, to eledt the regent of the kingdom, to
nominate to the principal offices, to forma coun
cil, and, if the mafciiline pollerity have failed in
the royal family, they may eleift a new Monarch,
following however, the dispositions of thefalique
law. Excepting these cases of necefiity, the
Kings were accuitonved to allemble the States Ge
neral, in urgent conjunctures, and to determine,
according to their advice, in affairs of molt im
portance. " In effect ?" fays Davila, " what
energy may not the resolutions ot the Prince de
rive, from the concurrence of his fubjeifts ! What
can be more conformable to the true spirit ot
monarchical government, than this harmony be
tween the sovereign and the people ?" In truth,
Davila, tho thou art a profound Historian, thou
art but a fupcrticial Legislator. Hiitory answers
the queltion, that no energy at all, nor any thing
but divilion, diftradtion anil extravagance were
derived to the resolutions of the Prince, till the
Itates were laid aside. In the language of my
motto, two authorities were up, neither supreme,
and confufion entered 'twixt the gap. Nothing
can be more direiitiy repugnant to monarchical
government than such aflemblies, because they
set up rivals to the King, and excite doubts and
tjueftions, in whom the sovereignty resides. If a
negative is given by them,to the will of the Prince,
they become a part ofthe sovereignty, annihilate
the Monarchy and convert it into a Republic.
If they are mere councils of advice, they become
scenes of cabal, for aspiring grandees to force
themselves into the niinittry.—Never indeed was
it more neceflary to new model the government,
and regeHerate the nation, than in the present
conjuncture, when the rivalries of the grandees,
and the differences in religion, dilturbed the
•whole kingdom, and demanded the prompted re
medies.
Upon the reiterated orders of the court, the
deputies of the Provinces, had resorted to Or
leans, from the beginning of October 1560, and
the Kin£ having arrived in person, accompanied
by the molt of the Lords and great officers of the
crown, they waited only for the discontented
Lords and Princes, to open the Aflembly. The
Conltable and his sons, were, as usual, at Chan
tilly. The King of Navarre and the Prince of
Conde, were fti'l at Beam. The King had writ
ten to them all, to invite them to the States ; and
akho they had not explicitly refufed, they in
vented pretexts upon pretexts, to excuse them
selves, and gain time. These affected delays dif
trefled the King and the ministry. They appre
hended, with reafbn.that the refufal of the Princes
of the blood, arising from their own suspicions,
or upon foine,certain information of what was in
tended against them, would defeat all the pro
jects and preparations, founded only on the hope
that they would affilt at the States General. The
Prince of Conde, could not be in doubt that they
had drawn, either from theprifonersof Amboife,
or from La Sagne, or from the conspirators ai rest
ed at Lyons, evidence fufficient to dil'cover his
deligns. No motive, therefore, could determine
liiin to place himfelf a second time, at the dilcre
tion of a court where his enemies were all pow
erful. The King of Navarre thought differently.
Less culpable, or more credulous than his bro
ther, lie believed, that by going to the States,
they ffiould obtain, without difficulty, that re
form in the government, which had already cost
them so much labor ; whereas, by refuting to be
present, they would betray their own interests,
and leave the field open to the ambition and vio
lence of the Princes of Lorrain. He could not
believe, that under the eyes of the whole nation
afiembled, a King scarcely out of his infancy, an
Italian Princess, and two Itrangers, would dare
to imbrue their hands in the blood of the Princes
of the royal house, which the Monarchs the molt
absolute anil the molt vindictive, had ever re
garded as sacred. All these motives determined
him to venture to the States, with the Prince, to
whom he represented, that they would infallibly
condemn him unheard, if he continued obstinate
ly to ablent himfelf from court : whereas, by ap
pearing there, and gaining to his interests the
deputies in the Stares, there was every reason to
liop^,"that if, on judging him with rigor, they
ffiould blame his proceedings, the equity of his
pretentions, would afford him a favourable co
lour, and ill the la(t extremity, his birth would
obtain him a pardon. All the confidants and
No. XXI,
partizans of tlie Princes, supported tins ail vice,
except the wife and mother-in-law or the i mice
of Conde, who constantly rejected ic, and judged
that hialife was aimed at, and that of all the
courses he coulil take,that which was recommend
ed to him was the most dangerous.
(To he continued. )
NEW-YORK, OCTOBER 2
Latest European Intelligence.
PAPERS by the Packet mention a recent en
gagement on the 9th and 10th of July be
tween the Ruffian and Swediffi fleets, which was
maintained with much firmnefs and obstinacy on
both fides—The action commenced about half
pall 9in the morning of the 9th, and continued
without intermission till midnight—at two the
next morning the Swedes renewed the attack,and
continued the engagement till nine ; by which
time the Ruffians were entirely defeated. The
Swedes loft two gunboats, blown up, and a large
vellel funk by abonjtb, the crewfaved.
The King commanded in person, and took,run
afliore or destroyed, forty-two Ruffian frigates
and gallies.
Most of the gallies had guns from 12 to 30
pounders, and the greatest part carrying 30 each,
of different calibres One hundred and ten offi
cers, and 2000 men, are made prisoners ; amongst
which are the Ruffian Brigadier Denifow, and
the Prince of Nadhu's flag captain. Trophies,
&c. are bringing in every moment.
" Yesterday about half part one o'clock the
following letter was received by the Lord Mayor,
and immediately sent by his Lordship to Lloyd's
Cotfee-Houfe, and the Bank.
" My Lord,
" I have the honor to inform your Lordship,
that a MelTenger is arrived from his Majelty's
AmbaUador Extraordinary at Madrid, with the
account that, in compliance with his Majelty's
demand of fatisfa<ftion for the capture of the Bri
tilli vellelsat Nootka, a declaration was (igned 011
the 24U11 of July, by Count Florida Blanca in the
name of his Catholic Majesty ; and that the fame
was accepted in his Majelty's name, by his Majes
ty's Ambafl'.idor, who was thereupon to proceed
to the dii'cullion of the matters depending be
tween the two courts, with a view to a Defenlivc
Arrangement.
" The declarations above referred to, will be
immediately published in aGazette Extraordinary,
which will be forwarded to your Lordfliip as soon
as it is printed. " I am, my Lord,
" Your Lordlhip's molt obedient
" And molt humble Servant,
" W. W. GRENVILLE
" The RiglitHon. Lord Mayor of London."
On this the bustle at the Stock Exchange be
came undefcribable—the number of long and
lliort faces mixed, exhibited a scene which our
readers may ealier conceive than we candefcribe
—The Consols mounted to 80 1 half, and the other
funds in proportion.
FROM THE LONDON GAZETTE EXTRAORDINARY
lVhitehi.lt Augujl 5
This morning one of his Majesty's meflengers
arrived from Madrid, at the office of his Grace
the Duke of Leeds, his Majesty's principal Secre
tary of state for Foreign Affairs, wiih dispatches
from the Right Hon. Alleyne Fitz Herbert, his
Majesty's Auiballador extraordinary and plenipo
tentiary at that court, containing an account of
the following Declaration and Counter-Declara
tion having been llgned and exchanged, on the
24th of July last, by his Excellency Count Florida
Blanca, nis Catholic Majesty's Minister and prin
cipal Secretary of state, on the part of the Catho
lic King.
DECLARATION.
His Britannic Majesty having complained of
the capture of certain veflels belonging to his
fubjeifts in the port of Nootka, situated on the
north-weft coast of America, by an officer in the
service ofthe King ! The underligned Counsellor
and Principal Secretary of state to his Majesty,
being thereto duly authorized, declares in the
name and by the order of his said Majesty that he
is willing to give (atisfacftion to his Britannick
Majesty for the injury of which he has complain
ed ; fully persuaded that his said Britannick
Majesty, would ad; in the fame manner towards
the King, under similar circumstances ; and his
Majesty further engages to make full Restitution
of all the British veflels which were captured at
Nootka, and to indemnify the parties interested
in those veflels, for the lodes which they ffiall
have f'uftained, as soon as theamountthereof shall
have been ascertained :
It being understood that this declaration is not
to preclude or prejudice the ulterior discussion of
any right which his Majesty may claim, to form
an exclusive eftablilhment at the port of Nootka.
11l witnels whereof I have signed this declara
tion, and sealed it with ihe seal of my arms.
At Madrid, the 24th of July, 1790.
(L.S.) Signed
Le Covite de Florida Blanca.
614
" Whitehall, August 6.
COUNTER DECLARATION.
His Catholic Majesty having declared, that he
was willing to give fatisfa&ion for the injury
done to the King, by the captu re of pertain vef-
Jels belonging to his fubjedts, in the Bay of Noot
ka, and the Count de Florida Blaiita having sign
ed, in the name and by order of his Catholic
Majesty, a declaration to this effect ; and by which
his laid Majelty likewile engages to make full
reftitiuion of the veiiels so capcured, and to in
demnify the parties interefteU in those vefl'els for
the lofles they lhall [have fu'tained ; the under
(igned Ambaflador extraordinary and Plenipo
tentiary of his Majesty to the Catholic King, be->
ing thereto duly and exprelsly auihorifed, ac
cepts the said declaration, in the name of the
King; and declares that his Majesty will confidei
this declaration, together with the performance
of the engagements contained therein, as a full
and entire iatisfa&ion for the injury of which
his Majelly has complained.
The under-signed declares, at the fame time,
that it is to be underltood, that neither the said
declaration iigned by Count Florida Blanca, nor
the acceptance thereof by the under-signed, in
the name of the King, is to preclude or prejudice
in any refpecft, the right which his Majesty may
claim to any eftabliftiment which his fubjec'is
may have formed, or should be defirousof form
ing in future, at the said Bay of Nootka.
hi witness whereof I have signed this Counter
declaration, and sealed it with the Teal of my
arms, At Madrid, the 24th of July, I 790,
(L.S.) Signed
John Bull grumbles hideously—abuses the Mi
nistry, and swears that the Spanish" fatisjadion is
no fatisfaflion at all."
Oilier information corroborative of the above
has been received in town from Madeira ; with
the addition of the following particulars : That
all warlike preparations are to cease for three
months ; and that before the expiration of that
time, winter will effectually suspend every naval
operation.
Our readers will bbfervethat the concclfion
made by Spain, is only for the veflels taken in
Nootka Sound. The right of the English to trade
on the North-weft coalt of North America, is to
be the fubjccl of future litigation. At present
the conduct of Spain does not appear very humi
liating—for lhe has paid only for what (he has
taken.—But the Briti/h nation must be greatly
disappointed when they find that Spain is not to
pay the expenses of the Briti/h armament :—And
that the demand for the vessels taken, was only
200,0001. llerling :—Whereas the exrraordinary
expenses of fitting the Engli/h navy for sea,
amount to near two millions. This, as Teague
fays in the play, " is gaining a 10/s."
( Columbian Centiml.)
DUBLIN, July 30.
Sunday moringat nine o'clock, the goldfiniths
and independent corps of Dublift volunteers pa
raded at Thollel, to the number of nearly three
hundred.
All the officers and privates on this occasion
mounted the national cockade, composed of tin,
painted green, and cut into the form of a ribbon,
and puffed round a medallion, on which is paint
ed, in gold, the harp and imperial crown, armo
rial insignia of Ireland—and out of the cockade
fpings a label, which mounts above it in the form
of an inverted crescent, inferibed in gold, with
the word " National."
LONDON, August 2.
Their are great quantities of the stones of the.
Baftile for sale about town. This (lone fells at
so much the pound, and brings more than our
belt prime beej.
Lord Hardwicke is spoken of as successor to
Lord Weftmoreland in the Viceroyfhip of Ireland
fliould thelatter not choofeto remain there.
The tumults in France, feeminmany places to
be reviving. At Avigon, Orange, and the adja
cent parts they are eticrealed to a point little Jhorc
of open war.
Nor is Lyons more quiet : all the barriers are
thrown down, and all subordination deltroyed.
Some pretend that the inhabitants have declared
themselves independant, and have armed them
selves in defence of their ancient rights.
The large army that is aflembling on the bor
ders of France by the King of Sardinia, gives
great apprehension to the revolutionists. The
Sardinian ambaflador being questioned on this
fubjecft by a Parisian a few days llnce, answered
very cooly, that as an ambaflador, he could fay
nothing : but as a man, he thought that if the
plague reigned in any country, it was right in
its neigbours to prevent the contagion from be
ing communicated.
The Uniform of the National Guards of France
is decreed hy the National Aflembly, and is to be
bnperial blue, white lining, scarlet cuffs and fac
ings, white collar, and white edgings, yellow but
tons,with the words diftrili of —inlcribed oh them.
On the flaps of the coats turned up, the word COll
- on one fide, and Liberty on the other —
Veils and Breechcs, white.
Alleyne Fitz Herbert.