PUBLISHED WEDNESDAYS AND SATURDAYS BY *OHN FENXO, No. 41, BROAD-STREET, NEAR THE EXCHANGE, NEW-YORK
[No. 26, c/Vol. ll.]
TRANSLATED
FOR THE GAZETTE OF THE UNITED STATES.
FROM THE LETDEN GAZETTE
Pubhlhrd by Stei'hen Luza£.
[A Paper that is considered in Europe asthemoft
authentic medium of intelligence—and as futh
circulates more extensively than any oilier
similar publication.]
CONTINUED.
JIAMBUXC H, 2 March.
WE learn from WarsaW, tharthe Marquis de
Lucchefini, his PrufTian Majelty's Envoy,
has returned the 18th Feb. from Berlin, and in
the last place from Dresden. The ifl'ue ef his
liegociations are laid to be, that the eletftor ot
Saxony faithful to his principles of moderation
and wisdom which have hitherto secured the hap
piness of his fubjefts, will embrace the lyftem of
neutrality, in cafe of a rupture with Germany—
to render which respectable, he will arm himfelt,
which resolution is carrying into efFe.fl, by orders
for aflembling the Saxon army the beginning of
this month at Spremberg.
Extratt of a letter from Geneva, 27 Feb.
" Justice has at length prevailed over private
interest, and every other pallion, which in repub
lies induce one party to oppress the other. Such
of the representing party, as were still in exile,
have been restored to their former condition and
places, which they occupied before the revolu
tion of t 782. The proposition was at firft agreed
to in the council of two hundred. The lefler coun
cil adopted it next—and the General Council (auc
tioned it by a plurality of 954 voices against 120.
When the news of this resolution was publilhed,
a general joy announced the common wish ot the
•whole city. This return of concord is regarded
in Geneva as the fruit of the French revolution.
They write from Berlin, the ad March, that by
virtue of a convention concluded with Poland,
the city of Dantzick, on this fide the Warta, \v ill
pass under the Pruifian dominious the jt ft J.uly
next.
PARIS ACCOUNTS. tel. 28
In the felfion of this day when the Abbe de
Montefquiou was declared for the second time
Prefldent of the Aflembly, the tollowingarticles,
respecting the organization »j the army, were de
creed. _ „
Artit/e i.—The King is the Supreme Chief of
the army.
Art. 2. —The army is eflentially designed to
fight against the eueiuics of the country.
Art. 3. No body of foreign troops can be in
troduced into the kingdom, nor admitted into
the service of the State, but by virtue of a legi
slative body, seconded by the King.
Art. 4. The pay necellary for the army (hall
be fixed by succeeding legislatures.
Art. J. Neither the succeeding legislatures, nor
the Executive power shall abridge the right which
every citizen has to be admitted to all military
employments and promotions.
Art. 6. No military soldier or officer shall be
deprived of his employment but in consequence
of legal judgment.
Art. 7. Every military person in service, (hall
preserve his right of residence, notwithstanding
his ueceflkry abfenceby service. He (hall be ca
pable moreover ofexercifing every function of an
aflivc citizen, if he poflefs the other qualifications
required by the decrees of the National Alfembly,
and if at the time of election, he be not in gar
rison, in the Canton where his residence is situa
ted.
Art. 8. Every military person, who shall have
served for fmeenyears without interruption and
reproach, (hall enjoy, in the fulleft manner, the,
rights of an ailive citizen, and (hall be freed from
the neceflity of holding property, and paying the
contribution required to be eligible.
Art. 9. On the 14th of [oly annually, all the
military corps Ihall take the ch<ie oath.
Art. 10. The Minister of War, and other mi
litary agents of the Executive Power,are fubjetft
to velponfibility, in the manner and form asftiall
V>e eft blithed by the Conflitution.
Art. ii. The venaliiy of every military em
ploymeiit is (iippreflcd
r l _
■Art. 12. The AHembly alfodecrees as a consti
tutional article, that it belongs lo each legisla
ture to enact annually, xft. The Ann necefliiry
lor the expences of the army. 2d. The number
i>fmen of which the army ihall be conipofeil. 3d.
The pay of each grade. 4th. The rules of ad
SATURDAY, JULY 10, 1790-.
million to promotion in each grade, jth. The
form of enrolment, and conditions of engage
ments. 6th. The aduiillion of foreign troops in
the service of the nation. 7th. The laws relative
to military crimes and punUhments. Bth. The
treatment of the army in cafe of Hilbanding.
Art. 13. The Aflembly moreover decrees, that
the committee of Conltirucioii fliall be charged
to prepare as quick as possible, ilrafts of laws,—
1 ft. Respecting the einployu er of the military
farces in the interior part of nie kingdom, and
their connection both with the civil power, and
the National guards. • 2d. Refpecftingthe organ
ization of tribunals, and the forms of military
judgment. 3d. Refpe<fting the means of recruit
ing and augnifenting th,e military forces, in time
of war, suppressing the drafting of the militia.
Art. 14. it finally decrees, that the King fli ill
be requeued to present immediately to the Na.
tional Aflembly, a plan of orgmization, to ena
ble the AHembly to enarl and deliberate without
delay, relpecfting the different objedls, which are
to originate from the legislative power.
Art. 15. The National Aflembly moreover de
crees, that the pay of every French soldier, com
mencing from the ift May next, (hall be aug
mented to 32 deniers, obieiving the nfual gra
dual proportions.
Accounts from Brussels, 11 March
The Grand Duke of Tufcany has sent a memo
rial to the States of Brabant, exprelfing his disap
probation of the measures which led to the revo
lution, proposing a general amnesty, and terms
of reconciliation, grantingevery thing the States
formerly claimed from the late Emperor. Let
ters were also received from the Arch Dnchefs
Maria Cleriftina of Austria, and Duke Albert of
Saxe Tefchen, all which the States have ordered
to be printed and sent back to the General Cun
grefs. From the spirit which animates the Be!-
gic nation, there is no probability that the pro
portions, .however reasonable, will be attended
to.
Tlie'uifputes between rheofigf chy and demo
crarical party have in forae measure been com
promised. The form of the oath to be taken by
the volunteer companies has been so qualified
as to have been accepted by them. After taking
the oath the . Volunteers unaniinoufly elected
Duke d'Pvfel their commander in chief.
[OR THE GAZETTE OF THE UNITED STATES.
41 Hear Spartans, and obey the voice divine,
M That iltues from Apoi lo's faered (hrinc ;
u Let Kingi, the guardians of the S artan name,
44 And awful Sekatis, righteous liatutes frame ;
14 Thefc let th' a (Tenting people ratify,
44 And keep unbroken order's sacred tie."
FEAR' GOD, AND HONOR THE KING,
were formerly among some oftlie firft leflons
taught our children—and doubtless a very ufeful
one—to intlil thus early a jnft regard to the
protecting and ruling powers, is laying the bell'
foundation for an easy participation under their
genial influence.
The Americans under a government, so mild
and yet so equal, are indulged to exercise, unre
strained, every faculty they poflel's.—The licen
tious perhaps, in such circumltances may have
far too much liberty, but the more virtuous un
der the fame, may Lmprjve and enjoy all that
men can wish, and freemen are heirs to. While
a people are lb unlimited in their pursuits, it is
not indeed unnatural they ihould form a system,
or scale to ad; upon, not diflimilar to their go
vernment ; and we have too melancholy proofs
of this in some of the States, to doubt the truth
of the observation, that an example from govern
ment of chicanery and repeated violations of
their moll: solemn engagements with the public,
and a want ot an honeit liability in their laws,
has the most direful effecl on individuals in their
private tranfatfiions with each other.—Hence
the neceflity and ftimulous (if in a political view
only), for those who are so dignified as to com
pose the grand council of the nation, and on
whose deciiions so much is now depending, to
be the most exemplary in every step in their
private walks as well as public conduct —and to
weigh every motion, and its tendencies, (as well
what on firft view may appearto have a limited
efFedt, as those which aflame a bolder crell, ye
unexpectedly eud in vapour), with the utmoil
caution, gravity and confeious integrity ; and
pursue the most eligible, with a firmnefs becoiu
ing the fathers of a country. As it is the cha
racleriftic of our countrymen to seek for evi
517-
deuce, or at least a plausibility si o:h their own
reafonitig, of the ufef\ilnj?fs of a liieafure, before
they will acknowledge the lame as a child of
their own—this urges the neceility ofthe greater
circumfp'ftttion ; for they have not the most dil
tant idea of that prodigy in government,to believe
implicitly- (as is universally the cafe in the old
world) all is right, because the king, or their
own havedone it, andfo (hut the
door against enquiry Mid research ; one of
most gratifying, and probably one of the molt
ufeful privileges, to republicans, that we enjoy.
The consequent prejudices of a beaten track are
not yet erased, though it might indeed be sup
posed, that fields of clotted blood from our very
belt citizens, would now effectually cover every
trace of congeniality, and Tike the silent grave
lei jarate us forever from the least affinity, both
in laws, rules and manners to that country
which was once our greatelt pride to call, like
the pratling babe, mother, altho we had no real
wants.—To this cause 1 am ready to impute one
ofthe groll'ell of errors, that darkens every page
in all our rules ot court—although no people
ever had so fair an opportunity, to benefit from
leflonsof felf-experience, from every nation in
the world, and from many centuries palt—but a
wilful blindness is sure the malady.
The greaiefl boalt of an Englishman is said to
be his 1 ight of rryal by jury—and in words pom
pous enough, the fame has been conveyed to us.
—In theory it has an engaging appearance ; and
as it is sacred in its deciliou, I hold it in jufl elti
mation, and would not, a3 has certainly been the
cafe, that Lawyers, where lucre has been depend
ing on the iflue, and the verdidi has run counter
to their flatteringengagements with their clients,
fliould have their taunting scurrility to this higli
eft of all appeals, pass with impunity. To have
a cause depending on a jury, composed of my
own fellow citizens and neighbours, I cannot but
venerate the eftablilhment- ; but the juror's tryal
(for so 1 call it), without the right of appeal, I
hold in the u tut oft horror .ml dcteilaticn—for it
surely is nothing lei's than a Baftile, barricaded
by the flrongeft injunctions of legal dignity.—
And in this lituation, twelve men, must, whether
right or wrong, deliver in their verdict without
one diflenting voice—in the more solemn cases,
where life is depending, 1 do not so much con
demn the method ; even in such cases, I can.
not fee why a large majority could not be asfuf
ficient, as the present deciding mode—But in
common cases, the propriety of room for a pro
portionate number of diflenting voices is evident
to thofewho know, that it is ainoralimpoflibility
for any promiscuous number of men to view the
fante* objects, through the fame medium ; there
fore allowances ought to be made, if any regard
may yet be had, to the lioneft scruples of the
conscientious man—who in such a dilemma has
(for I Jo not doubt my informant) risked his life
in the violent hands ofthe affirming party j or
gorged through the throat of sensibility, acqui
esced in the award raised. by the very firft mem
ber, confident enough toftate the cafe nnder de
liberation in his own way, be it ever so absurd.
—Horrid iketch ! at this day, though no less
true, of the boasted and eftablifheu rules of
American courts of justice.
I wish most ardently, that as our supreme le
gislature are about forming courts, and rules of
courts, the few hints thrown out on this fuhjetfl,
may be adjusted as in their wisdom may appear
moll suitable to the genius of the people. It
must be their liigheft ambition and honor to go
vern well. LYCURGUS.
IMPROVED CRIST-MILL.
WE, the subscribers, being present at the firft
exhibition of Mr. John Britton's Grill-Mill,
on the Iti earn or creek called Dodlor's Creek, ill
the county of Monmouth, and State of New-Jer
sey, formerly owned by William Tapfcott, now
ere«ficd on the plan of the Rotatory Trunk, the
late improvement of Mr. J. llnmfey—and having
been well acquainted wiih the performance of
the water-wheel, formerly afed in the fame, do
give it as our opinions, on due examination, that
less (than half the quantity of water is now ex
panded—and that it grinds the fame quantity of
grain in the fame time, which was formerly done
by the water-wheel.
ir . PWIILIAM TAPSCOT,
Monmouth County, C lsA AC $HREV ES> M ) ller .
J une 2 > 79°' J)Edw.Kilman, Mill-Wright*
[Whole No. 130.]